ἔθνος

See also: έθνος

Ancient Greek

Etymology
PIE word
*swé

From Ancient Greek ἔθω (éthō, “I am accustomed, wont (to something)”), equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *swedʰ-no-, expanded from the reflexive pronoun Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”).

Pronunciation
 

Noun

ἔθνος • (éthnos) n (genitive ἔθνεος or ἔθνους); third declension

  1. group of people: tribe, family
  2. group of animals: flock, herd
  3. country, nation
  4. (later, in the plural) foreign nations, barbarians
  5. (Jewish and Christian usage, in the plural) gentiles, heathen
  6. class, caste

Inflection
Third declension of τὸ ἔθνος; τοῦ ἔθνους (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative τὸ ἔθνος
tò éthnos		 τὼ ἔθνει
tṑ éthnei		 τᾰ̀ ἔθνη
tà éthnē
Genitive τοῦ ἔθνους
toû éthnous		 τοῖν ἐθνοῖν
toîn ethnoîn		 τῶν ἐθνῶν
tôn ethnôn
Dative τῷ ἔθνει
tôi éthnei		 τοῖν ἐθνοῖν
toîn ethnoîn		 τοῖς ἔθνεσῐ / ἔθνεσῐν
toîs éthnesi(n)
Accusative τὸ ἔθνος
tò éthnos		 τὼ ἔθνει
tṑ éthnei		 τᾰ̀ ἔθνη
tà éthnē
Vocative ἔθνος
éthnos		 ἔθνει
éthnei		 ἔθνη
éthnē
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
Third declension of τὸ ἔθνος; τοῦ ἔθνεος (Ionic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative τὸ ἔθνος
tò éthnos		 τὼ ἔθνει / ἔθνεε
tṑ éthnei / éthnee		 τᾰ̀ ἔθνεᾰ
tà éthnea
Genitive τοῦ ἔθνεος / ἔθνευς
toû éthneos / éthneus		 τοῖν ἐθνέοιν
toîn ethnéoin		 τῶν ἐθνέων
tôn ethnéōn
Dative τῷ ἔθνει / ἔθνεῐ̈
tôi éthnei / éthneï		 τοῖν ἐθνέοιν
toîn ethnéoin		 τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ἔθνεσῐ / ἔθνεσῐν
toîsi(n) éthnesi(n)
Accusative τὸ ἔθνος
tò éthnos		 τὼ ἔθνει / ἔθνεε
tṑ éthnei / éthnee		 τᾰ̀ ἔθνεᾰ
tà éthnea
Vocative ἔθνος
éthnos		 ἔθνει / ἔθνεε
éthnei / éthnee		 ἔθνεᾰ
éthnea
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms
  • ἐθνάρχης (ethnárkhēs)
  • ἐθναρχία (ethnarkhía)
  • ἐθνηδόν (ethnēdón)
  • ἐθνικός (ethnikós)
  • ἐθνίτης (ethnítēs)
  • ἐθνοφύλαξ (ethnophúlax)

Descendants

from the spoken alternative form ἕθνος (héthnos):

Further reading
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