gripen

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɣriːpən/

Verb

gripen

  1. to grab
  2. to attack, to overwhelm
  3. to understand

Inflection
Strong class 1
Infinitive gripen
3rd sg. past grêep
3rd pl. past grēpen
Past participle gegrēpen
Infinitive gripen
In genitive gripens
In dative gripene
Indicative Present Past
1st singular gripe grêep
2nd singular grijps, gripes grēeps, grēpes
3rd singular grijpt, gripet grêep
1st plural gripen grēpen
2nd plural grijpt, gripet grēept, grēpet
3rd plural gripen grēpen
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular gripe grēpe
2nd singular grijps, gripes grēpes
3rd singular gripe grēpe
1st plural gripen grēpen
2nd plural grijpt, gripet grēpet
3rd plural gripen grēpen
Imperative Present
Singular grijp, gripe
Plural grijpt, gripet
Present Past
Participle gripende gegrēpen

Descendants

Further reading
  • “gripen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • “gripen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną. Cognates include Middle Dutch gripen, Old Swedish grīpa, Middle High German grifen and Middle Low German grîpen.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡriːpən/

Verb

gripen

  1. To grip or grab onto (and often to take away)
  2. To confiscate or steal; to take forcibly.
  3. To have or make material gains come into one's possession.
  4. To find out about; to acquire knowledge or information about.
  5. To torment or injure; to cause fear or sorrow.
Usage notes

This verb tends to be supplanted by grippen later in the Middle English period.

Conjugation
Conjugation of gripen (strong class 1/weak)
infinitive (to) gripen
indicative present past
1st person singular gripe grope, grape, grepe, griped
2nd person singular gripest grip, grope, *gropest
3rd person singular gripeth, gripeþ, gripth grope, grape, grepe, griped
plural gripen grip(en), grep(en), grope(n), *griped(en)
subjunctive present past
singular gripe *gripe, gripede
plural gripen grip(en), grep(en), grope(n), *griped(en)
imperative present
singular gripe
plural gripeþ, gripeth
participle present past
gripende, gripinge (i)gripe(n), grope(n), griped
Descendants
References

Etymology 2

From gripe (“grip”) +‎ -en.

Noun

gripen

  1. plural of gripe (“grip”)

Etymology 3

From Old English grippan.

Noun

gripen

  1. Alternative form of grippen

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

gripen

  1. masculine and feminine past participle of gripa and gripe

Swedish

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Noun

gripen

  1. definite singular of grip

Verb

gripen

  1. past participle of gripa.
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