gnīda

See also: gnida, gnīdā, and gnīdās

Latvian

Gnīda (1)

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gniʔdaʔ,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₃nid-[2]. Cognates include Lithuanian glìnda (< *gninda), Proto-Slavic *gnida (Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian гни́да (gnída), Belarusian гніда (gnída), Czech hnida, Polish gnida), Old Norse gnit, Swedish gnet, English nit.[3]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɡnīːda]
(file)

Noun

gnīda f or m (4th declension)

  1. nit (lice eggs)
    gnīdas matosnits in the hair
    galvas utis apmetas cilvēka matos; pie matiem tās pielīmē savas oliņas - gnīdashead lice settle on human hair; and by that hair they stick their eggs: nits
    vārīja ilgi un teica, ka nu vairs neviena gnīda dzīva nebūšot palikusishe boiled (the clothes) for a long time and (then) said that not a single living nit had remained
  2. (figuratively) (also masculine, dat. gnīdam) nit, maggot (despicable, worthless person)
    tas bijis turpat kaimiņa saimnieks, īsts gnīdathat had been the neighbor, a true nit (= despicable person)
    “tu mani te nebaidi, gnīda!” tēvocis izkliedza“so you're not afraid of me here, you maggot!” (his) uncle shouted

Usage notes

In the sense of "nit", gnīda is always feminine; in the sense of "despicable person", however, it is ambigenous. It is masculine when it refers to males and feminine when it refers to females. It is, however, always declined as a feminine noun, with the exception of its dative singular form, which is gnīdam when it refers to a male and gnīdai when it refers to a female.

Declension

References

  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hnit-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 236
  3. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), gnīda”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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