foceird
Old Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
fo- + Proto-Celtic *kerdeti (“to put, lay, move”) (compare Middle Welsh kerdet, Welsh cerdded (“to walk, go”), Breton kerzed (“a march, a walk”), Cornish kerdhes (“to go”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kerd- (“to swing”) (compare Ancient Greek κραδαίνω (kradaínō, “to swing”), Latin cardō (“hinge”), Old High German scerdo (“hinge”)).
The prototonic forms of the present stem (·cuirethar etc.) are denominative from cor (“putting, casting, throwing”), from Proto-Celtic *koros (“act of putting, casting, a throw”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn”).
The perfective and perfect forms (ro·lá etc.) are from ro- + Proto-Celtic *layo-, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁- (Latin lētum (“death”); Old Church Slavonic лѣнъ (lěnŭ, “lazy”); Hittite [script needed] (laizzi, “lets”); Lithuanian liáutis (“stop”); Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lēwjan, “betray”), 𐌻𐌴𐍅 (lēw, “opportunity, cause”)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /foˈkʲer͈ʲdʲ/
Conjugation
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | fo·ciurd ro·láu (ro-form) |
fo·ceird, fo·ceirt | fo·ceird, fo·ceirt fa·ceird (with infixed pronoun a-) |
fo·cerdam, fo·certam | fo·cerdat, fu·certat | fo·cerdar, fo·cerddar, fo·certar, fu·certar | fo·cerdatar | |
| Prot. | ·roláim (ro-form) | ·cuirethar | ·cuiretar | ·cuirter | |||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | fo·ceirded | fo·ceirditis | fo·ceirte | |||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | fo·card | fo·caird | fo·cardatar, fo·cartar | fo·cress | fo·cressa | |||
| Prot. | ·corastar | ·corsatar | |||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ro·láus | ro·láis | ro·lá | ro·láisid | ro·láiset | ro·lád | ro·láthar | |
| Prot. | ·ralae | ·ralsaid | ·ralsat, ·rolsat | ·ralad | |||||
| Future | Deut. | fo·cichur | fo·cicher, fo·cicherr | fo·cichret | fo·cicherthar | fo·cichretar | |||
| Prot. | ·foíchur | ·foícher | ·foícherthar | ||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | fo·cichred | |||||||
| Prot. | ·foíchred | ||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ·ral (ro-form) |
fo·ceirr ro·lá (ro-form) |
fo·ceirr ro·lá (ro-form) |
ro·lám (ro-form) |
||||
| Prot. | ·coirther |
·corathar ·rala (ro-form) |
·ralaid (ro-form) |
·ralat (ro-form) |
·raltar (ro-form) |
·ralatar (ro-form) | |||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | fo·cerrad, fo·cerred fa·cherred (with infixed pronoun a-) ro·lád (ro-form) |
fo·certhae |
||||||
| Prot. | ·corad |
·roltais (ro-form) |
·corthae ·raltae (ro-form) |
||||||
| Imperative | cuire, cuirthe | fus·cerdam (with infixed pronoun s-) | cuirid | ||||||
| Verbal noun | cor | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Synonyms
- (throw, cast): caithid
Derived terms
- ad·cuirethar
- ar·cuirethar
- con·cuirethar
- do·cuirethar
- fo·cuirethar
- for·cuirethar
- fris·cuirethar
- imm·cuirethar
- in·cuirethar
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| fo·ceird | fo·cheird | fo·ceird pronounced with /-ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- C. Marstrander, E. G. Quin et al., editors (1913–76), “1 cor”, in Dictionary of the Irish Language: Based Mainly on Old and Middle Irish Materials, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, →ISBN
- C. Marstrander, E. G. Quin et al., editors (1913–76), “fo·ceird”, in Dictionary of the Irish Language: Based Mainly on Old and Middle Irish Materials, Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, →ISBN
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kerd-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 202–3
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*koro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 217
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*la-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 235