adcí
Old Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *ad-kʷiseti, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeys- (“observe”). The deuterotonic perfect forms and the present indicative ro-form ad·rodarcar are from Proto-Celtic *derk-, from Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”).
Cognate with Sanskrit चायति (cāyati, “perceive”). The ro-forms are cognate with Sanskrit दृश् (dṛś), Ancient Greek δέρκομαι (dérkomai), Old English torht (“bright, clear”), Albanian dritë (“light”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aðˈkʲiː/
Verb
ad·cí (prototonic ·aicci, verbal noun aicsiu)
- to see, to behold
- to perceive
- (in passive) to seem, to appear
- c. 750, Preface to Saint Patrick's Breastplate, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus, (1901–03, Cambridge University Press; reprinted 1975, 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, 2:354–58:
- conid annsin atchessa fiad lucht na netarnade comtis aige alta ⁊ iarróe ina ndiaid .i. Benen
- And then it appeared before those lying in ambush that they were wild deer with a fawn (Benén) following them.
- conid annsin atchessa fiad lucht na netarnade comtis aige alta ⁊ iarróe ina ndiaid .i. Benen
- c. 750, Preface to Saint Patrick's Breastplate, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus, (1901–03, Cambridge University Press; reprinted 1975, 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, 2:354–58:
Usage notes
The present-tense ro-forms ·airciu, ad·rodarcar, etc., mean “can see”, “can be seen”, etc.
Conjugation
Complex, class A III present, reduplicated preterite, reduplicated and s future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | ad·cíu, ad·cím | ad·cí | ad·cí, ad·cíi atob·cí (with infixed pronoun dob-) |
ad·ciam | ad·cíd | ad·ciat | ad·cíther ad·rodarcar (ro-form) |
ad·cíter |
| Prot. | ·aicciu, ·accim ·airciu (ro-form) |
·accai, ·aci | ·aicci | ·accam, ·aciam | ·accid | ·accat, ·acat | ·acastar, ·accastar, ·aiccither | ||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ad·cíd | ad·cítis | ad·cíthe | ad·cítis | ||||
| Prot. | ·aiccinn | ·aicthe | |||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | co·n-acca | co·n-acca | co·n-accae | co·n-accamar | co·n-accatar | ad·cess | ad·cessa at·chessa (with infixed pronoun d-) | |
| Prot. | ·acca | ·acca | ·accae, ·acæ | ·accamar | ·accatar | ·aicces, ·aiccess | ·aicessa | ||
| Perfect | Deut. | ad·condarc | ad·condarc | ad·condairc | ad·condarcmar | ad·condarcaid | ad·condarctar | ||
| Prot. | ·acca | ·acca | ·accae | ·accamar | ·accatar | ||||
| Future | Deut. | ad·cichi, ad·cichither | ad·cichset | ad·cichestar, ad·cigestar | ad·cichsiter | ||||
| Prot. | ·accus | ·aiccigi | ·aiccichet | ||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ad·ciched | ad·cichitis | ||||||
| Prot. | ·aicciged | ||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ad·cear | ad·ceid, ad·ced | ad·cetar, ad·ceter | ad·cethar | ||||
| Prot. | ·accar | ·aicther | ·acathar, ·accathar, ·accadar | ·accamar | ·accatar | ·accastar ·arcastar (ro-form) |
|||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ad·ceinn | ad·cetha | ad·ceth | ad·ceithe | ad·ceitis | ad·ceithe, ad·cethe | ||
| Prot. | ·accinn | ·aicced | ·accaitis | ·aiciste | ·aiccitis | ||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | aicsiu | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Derived terms
- fris·acci
- imm·acci
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| ad·cí | ad·chí | ad·cí pronounced with /-ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- “ad·cí” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
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