encourir
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.ku.ʁiʁ/
Audio (file)
Verb
encourir
- (transitive) to incur (to expose oneself to something inconvenient)
- (transitive) to run [the risk], to bring upon (something unfavourable)
- encourir le risque d'être rattrapé - run the risk of being caught
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like other regular -ir verbs, except that in the conditional and future tenses an extra ‘r’ is added to the end of the stem and the past participle ends in -u. All verb ending in -courir are conjugated this way.
Conjugation of encourir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | encourant /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | encouru /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | encourir | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | encourant /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | encours /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
encours /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
encourt /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
encourons /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɔ̃/ |
encourez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁe/ |
encourent /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
| imperfect | encourais /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/ |
encourais /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/ |
encourait /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/ |
encourions /ɑ̃.ku.ʁjɔ̃/ |
encouriez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁje/ |
encouraient /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | encourus /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ |
encourus /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ |
encourut /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ |
encourûmes /ɑ̃.ku.ʁym/ |
encourûtes /ɑ̃.ku.ʁyt/ |
encoururent /ɑ̃.ku.ʁyʁ/ | |
| future | encourrai /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁe/ |
encourras /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁa/ |
encourra /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁa/ |
encourrons /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɔ̃/ |
encourrez /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁe/ |
encourront /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | encourrais /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/ |
encourrais /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/ |
encourrait /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/ |
encourrions /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁjɔ̃/ |
encourriez /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁje/ |
encourraient /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | encoure /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
encoures /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
encoure /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
encourions /ɑ̃.ku.ʁjɔ̃/ |
encouriez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁje/ |
encourent /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | encourusse /ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/ |
encourusses /ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/ |
encourût /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ |
encourussions /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy.sjɔ̃/ |
encourussiez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy.sje/ |
encourussent /ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | encours /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
— | encourons /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɔ̃/ |
encourez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Quotations
- For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:encourir.
Further reading
- “encourir” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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