calma
Catalan
Etymology
From Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, but this is uncertain.
Galician
Etymology
From Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma.
Synonyms
- (peace): paz, serenidade, tranquilidade
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkalˠəmˠə/
Etymology 1
From Middle Irish calma (“strong; brave, valiant”).
Declension
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | calma | chalma | calma; chalma² | |
Vocative | chalma | calma | ||
Genitive | calma | calma | calma | |
Dative | calma; chalma¹ |
chalma | calma; chalma² | |
Comparative | níos calma | |||
Superlative | is calma |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Declension
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | calma | chalma | calma; chalma² | |
Vocative | chalma | calma | ||
Genitive | calma | calma | calma | |
Dative | calma; chalma¹ |
chalma | calma; chalma² | |
Comparative | níos calma | |||
Superlative | is calma |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Etymology 3
Declension
Fourth declension
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
calma | chalma | gcalma |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- "calma" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- Entries containing “calma” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “calma” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
- “1 calma” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
Italian
Etymology 1
From Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, especially of the sun”).
Related terms
Etymology 2
Non-lemma forms.
Middle Irish
Etymology
Inflection
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Synonyms
- calmach
Derived terms
- calmaigid (“strengthens, confirms”, verb)
- calmuain
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Synonyms
- calmacht
- calmatus
Mutation
Middle Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
calma | chalma | calma pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈkaɫ.mɐ/
- Hyphenation: cal‧ma
- Rhymes: -awma
Etymology 1
From Late Latin cauma (“heat of the midday sun”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, especially of the sun”), from καίω (kaíō, “I burn”). Possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, although the word was found in Ibero-Romance as early as in Italian.
Etymology 2
Non-lemma forms.
Romanian
Verb
a calma (third-person singular present calmează, past participle calmat) 1st conj.
- to calm
- (reflexive) to calm oneself, calm down, settle down
Conjugation
infinitive | a calma | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | calmând | ||||||
past participle | calmat | ||||||
number | singular | plural | |||||
person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | calmez | calmezi | calmează | calmăm | calmați | calmează | |
imperfect | calmam | calmai | calma | calmam | calmați | calmau | |
simple perfect | calmai | calmași | calmă | calmarăm | calmarăți | calmară | |
pluperfect | calmasem | calmaseși | calmase | calmaserăm | calmaserăți | calmaseră | |
subjunctive | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | să calmez | să calmezi | să calmeze | să calmăm | să calmați | să calmeze | |
imperative | — | tu | — | — | voi | — | |
affirmative | calmează | calmați | |||||
negative | nu calma | nu calmați |
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Middle Irish calma (“strong; brave, valiant”).
References
- Faclair Gàidhlig Dwelly Air Loidhne, Dwelly, Edward (1911), Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic-English Dictionary (10th ed.), Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- “1 calma” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkalma/
Etymology 1
Ultimately from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), through Late Latin cauma. Possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, although the word was found in Ibero-Romance as early as in Italian.
Noun
calma f (plural calmas)
- calm, stillness, peacefulness
- tranquility, peace and quiet
- Synonym: tranquilidad
Derived terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Verb
calma
Further reading
- “calma” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.