caith

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish caithid; compare Gaulish cateia (“projectile”).

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /kɑh/
(Connacht) IPA^(key): /ka/
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /kaih/

Verb

caith (present analytic caitheann, future analytic caithfidh, verbal noun caitheamh, past participle caite)

to wear
to consume
1. to smoke (tobacco)
to spend
to throw
(in future and conditional) must, have to
Caithfidh mé imeacht. ― I have to go.

Conjugation

First Conjugation (A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present	caithim	caitheann tú; caithir^†	caitheann sé, sí	caithimid	caitheann sibh	caitheann siad; caithid^†	a chaitheann; a chaitheas / a gcaitheann; a gcaitheas	caitear
	past	chaith mé; chaitheas	chaith tú; chaithis	chaith sé, sí	chaitheamar; chaith muid	chaith sibh; chaitheabhair	chaith siad; chaitheadar	a chaith / ar chaith*	caitheadh
	past habitual	chaithinn / gcaithinn‡‡	chaiteá / gcaiteá‡‡	chaitheadh sé, sí / gcaitheadh sé, sí‡‡	chaithimis; chaitheadh muid / gcaithimis‡‡; gcaitheadh muid‡‡	chaitheadh sibh / gcaitheadh sibh‡‡	chaithidís; chaitheadh siad / gcaithidís‡‡; gcaitheadh siad‡‡	a chaitheadh / a gcaitheadh*	chaití / gcaití‡‡
	future	caithfidh mé; caithfead	caithfidh tú; caithfir^†	caithfidh sé, sí	caithfimid; caithfidh muid	caithfidh sibh	caithfidh siad; caithfid^†	a chaithfidh; a chaithfeas / a gcaithfidh; a gcaithfeas	caithfear
conditional		chaithfinn / gcaithfinn‡‡	chaithfeá / gcaithfeá‡‡	chaithfeadh sé, sí / gcaithfeadh sé, sí‡‡	chaithfimis; chaithfeadh muid / gcaithfimis‡‡; gcaithfeadh muid‡‡	chaithfeadh sibh / gcaithfeadh sibh‡‡	chaithfidís; chaithfeadh siad / gcaithfidís‡‡; gcaithfeadh siad‡‡	a chaithfeadh / a gcaithfeadh*	chaithfí / gcaithfí‡‡
subjunctive	present	go gcaithe mé; go gcaithead^†	go gcaithe tú; go gcaithir^†	go gcaithe sé, sí	go gcaithimid; go gcaithe muid	go gcaithe sibh	go gcaithe siad; go gcaithid^†	—	go gcaitear
subjunctive	past	dá gcaithinn	dá gcaiteá	dá gcaitheadh sé, sí	dá gcaithimis; dá gcaitheadh muid	dá gcaitheadh sibh	dá gcaithidís; dá gcaitheadh siad	—	dá gcaití
imperative		caithim	caith	caitheadh sé, sí	caithimis	caithigí; caithidh^†	caithidís	—	caitear
verbal noun		caitheamh
past participle		caite

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms

caith seile

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
caith	chaith	gcaith
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish caithid.

Verb

caith (past chaith, future caithidh, verbal noun caitheamh, past participle caithte)

spend, pass (time)
waste, squander
wear (clothes)

Derived terms

caitheadair (“consumer”)
fear-caitheamh (“wearer; consumer”)

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