bꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

 m

  1. The soul or personality of a being, which, in Egyptian belief survived after death but needed to be sustained with offerings of food; ba.
Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
singular bꜣ
dual bꜣwj
plural bꜣw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bꜣ  
bꜣ bꜣ bꜣ
Derived terms
  • bꜣw (“the dead (as a collective)”)
Descendants
  • Coptic: ⲃⲁⲓ (bai) "screech-owl, night raven, spirit"

Etymology 2

Noun

 m

  1. ram
Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
singular bꜣ
dual bꜣwj
plural bꜣw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bꜣ  
bꜣ bꜣ
Descendants

Etymology 3

Noun

 m

  1. leopard
Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
singular bꜣ
dual bꜣwj
plural bꜣw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bꜣ  
bꜣ

Noun

 m

  1. leopard skin
Inflection
Declension of bꜣ (masculine)
singular bꜣ
dual bꜣwj
plural bꜣw

Etymology 4

Verb

 2-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) animate, to possess a ba
Inflection
Conjugation of bꜣ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: bꜣ, geminated stem: bꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
bꜣ
 bꜣw, bꜣ
 bꜣt
 bꜣ, j.bꜣ
 bꜣ, j.bꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
bꜣ
 ḥr bꜣ
 m bꜣ
 r bꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect bꜣ.n
 consecutive bꜣ.jn
terminative bꜣt
perfective3 bꜣ
 obligative bꜣ.ḫr
imperfective bꜣ, j.bꜣ1
prospective3 bꜣ
 potentialis bꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive bꜣ, j.bꜣ1
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect bꜣ.n
 — —
perfective bꜣ
 bꜣ
 bꜣꜣ, bꜣꜣj6, bꜣ2, bꜣw2 5, bꜣy2 5
imperfective j.bꜣ1, bꜣ, bꜣy, bꜣw5
 j.bꜣ1, j.bꜣw1 5, bꜣ, bꜣj6, bꜣy6
 bꜣ, bꜣw5
prospective bꜣ, bꜣtj7
 bꜣtj4, bꜣt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bꜣ  
bꜣ

Etymology 5

Perhaps from root consonants b-l.

Verb

 2-lit.

  1. (transitive) dig up earth, hoe
  2. (transitive) destroy
Inflection
Conjugation of bꜣ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: bꜣ, geminated stem: bꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
bꜣ
 bꜣw, bꜣ
 bꜣt
 bꜣ, j.bꜣ
 bꜣ, j.bꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
bꜣ
 ḥr bꜣ
 m bꜣ
 r bꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect bꜣ.n
 bꜣw, bꜣ
 consecutive bꜣ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative bꜣt
perfective3 bꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative bꜣ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective bꜣ, j.bꜣ1
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 bꜣ
 bꜣꜣ
 potentialis bꜣ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive bꜣ, j.bꜣ1
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect bꜣ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective bꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 bꜣ
 bꜣꜣ, bꜣꜣj6, bꜣ2, bꜣw2 5, bꜣy2 5
imperfective j.bꜣ1, bꜣ, bꜣy, bꜣw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 j.bꜣ1, j.bꜣw1 5, bꜣ, bꜣj6, bꜣy6
 bꜣ, bꜣw5
prospective bꜣ, bꜣtj7
 — bꜣtj4, bꜣt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  • brbr "to dig"
  • ⲃⲟⲗⲃⲗ (bolbl) "to dig up"

References
  • Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
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