brûler
See also: bruler
French
Alternative forms
- bruler (1990 reform spelling)
Etymology
From Middle French brusler “to burn” from Old French brusler, bruller (“to burn”), a conflation of bruir (“to burn”) (from Frankish *brōjan (“to burn, scald”), from Proto-Germanic *brōaną “to scald”, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bhrew- “to boil, seethe”), and usler (“to scorch”), from Latin ustulāre (“to scorch”). Compare also Italian bruciare, from a Vulgar Latin form *brusiāre, which is probably related, as well as brustolare. The initial br- has had other origins proposed, such as from a Gaulish source, or from a corruption of a form *combustulāre, from a change of prefix of ambustulāre, influenced by combustus. Akin to German brühen (“to scald”), Dutch broeien (“to heat”). More at broil, brew.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʁy.le/
audio (file)
Verb
brûler
- (transitive, intransitive) to burn
- La maison des voisins a brûlé.
- The neighbors' house has burnt down.
- Ils sont en train de brûler un tas de feuilles mortes.
- They are burning a heap of leaves.
- (reflexive) to burn oneself
- Je me suis brûlé avec une ampoule.
- I burnt myself on a light bulb.
Conjugation
Conjugation of brûler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | brûlant /bʁy.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | brûlé /bʁy.le/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | brûler | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | brûlant /bʁy.lɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | brûle /bʁyl/ |
brûles /bʁyl/ |
brûle /bʁyl/ |
brûlons /bʁy.lɔ̃/ |
brûlez /bʁy.le/ |
brûlent /bʁyl/ |
| imperfect | brûlais /bʁy.lɛ/ |
brûlais /bʁy.lɛ/ |
brûlait /bʁy.lɛ/ |
brûlions /bʁy.ljɔ̃/ |
brûliez /bʁy.lje/ |
brûlaient /bʁy.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | brûlai /bʁy.le/ |
brûlas /bʁy.la/ |
brûla /bʁy.la/ |
brûlâmes /bʁy.lam/ |
brûlâtes /bʁy.lat/ |
brûlèrent /bʁy.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | brûlerai /bʁyl.ʁe/ |
brûleras /bʁyl.ʁa/ |
brûlera /bʁyl.ʁa/ |
brûlerons /bʁyl.ʁɔ̃/ |
brûlerez /bʁyl.ʁe/ |
brûleront /bʁyl.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | brûlerais /bʁyl.ʁɛ/ |
brûlerais /bʁyl.ʁɛ/ |
brûlerait /bʁyl.ʁɛ/ |
brûlerions /bʁy.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
brûleriez /bʁy.lə.ʁje/ |
brûleraient /bʁyl.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | brûle /bʁyl/ |
brûles /bʁyl/ |
brûle /bʁyl/ |
brûlions /bʁy.ljɔ̃/ |
brûliez /bʁy.lje/ |
brûlent /bʁyl/ |
| imperfect2 | brûlasse /bʁy.las/ |
brûlasses /bʁy.las/ |
brûlât /bʁy.la/ |
brûlassions /bʁy.la.sjɔ̃/ |
brûlassiez /bʁy.la.sje/ |
brûlassent /bʁy.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | brûle /bʁyl/ |
— | brûlons /bʁy.lɔ̃/ |
brûlez /bʁy.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Synonyms
- ardre (archaic)
Descendants
- Haitian Creole: boule
Further reading
- “brûler” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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