bruire
French
Etymology
From Old French, from Vulgar Latin *brūgere (attested in the third-person singular indicative form brugit), from a crossing of Latin rugīre (cf. French rugir) and *bragere (whence French braire). Compare to English, burr
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʁɥiʁ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -iʁ
Conjugation
- This verb is conjugated as if it ended in -ir.
- Archaic forms based on the conjugation of fuir (e.g. bruyais) may also be encountered.
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of bruire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | bruissant /bʁɥi.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | brui /bʁɥi/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | bruire | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | bruissant /bʁɥi.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | bruis /bʁɥi/ |
bruis /bʁɥi/ |
bruit /bʁɥi/ |
bruissons /bʁɥi.sɔ̃/ |
bruissez /bʁɥi.se/ |
bruissent /bʁɥis/ |
| imperfect | bruissais /bʁɥi.sɛ/ |
bruissais /bʁɥi.sɛ/ |
bruissait /bʁɥi.sɛ/ |
bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/ |
bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/ |
bruissaient /bʁɥi.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | bruis /bʁɥi/ |
bruis /bʁɥi/ |
bruit /bʁɥi/ |
bruîmes /bʁɥim/ |
bruîtes /bʁɥit/ |
bruirent /bʁɥiʁ/ | |
| future | bruirai /bʁɥi.ʁe/ |
bruiras /bʁɥi.ʁa/ |
bruira /bʁɥi.ʁa/ |
bruirons /bʁɥi.ʁɔ̃/ |
bruirez /bʁɥi.ʁe/ |
bruiront /bʁɥi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | bruirais /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ |
bruirais /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ |
bruirait /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ |
bruirions /bʁɥi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
bruiriez /bʁɥi.ʁje/ |
bruiraient /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | bruisse /bʁɥis/ |
bruisses /bʁɥis/ |
bruisse /bʁɥis/ |
bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/ |
bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/ |
bruissent /bʁɥis/ |
| imperfect2 | bruisse /bʁɥis/ |
bruisses /bʁɥis/ |
bruît /bʁɥi/ |
bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/ |
bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/ |
bruissent /bʁɥis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | bruis /bʁɥi/ |
— | bruissons /bʁɥi.sɔ̃/ |
bruissez /bʁɥi.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “bruire” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Italian
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