bist
English
Etymology
From Middle English bist, beest, best, from Old English bist ("(thou) art"; second person singular of bēon (“to be”)), from Proto-Germanic *biusi (“(thou) art”), equivalent to be + -est. Cognate with West Frisian bist (“(thou) art”), Low German büst (“(thou) art”), German bist (“(thou) art”).
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɪst
Verb
bist
- (Britain dialectal, Bristol, West Country, Northern England) Originally used to form the second person singular of be, but can denote other present tense forms, such as: are, am, is
- 1875, Mark Lemon, Henry Mayhew, Tom Taylor, Punch:
- Thee bist rayther too much a feelosofer, I be afeard, for me.
- 1904, Henry Branch, Cotswold and vale:
- Lookee, thee bist purty, my love; lookee, thee bist purty: thee hast dove's eyes betwix thy locks; thy locks be like a flock o' ship fur thickedness.
- Where bist goin'.
- Where are you going?
- I bist goin' 'ome.
- I am going home
- How bist?
- How are you?
- 1875, Mark Lemon, Henry Mayhew, Tom Taylor, Punch:
German
Etymology
From Old High German bist. Cognate to Middle Dutch bes, best[1], dialectal English bist, beest.
German bist has two sources:
- a form based on Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“(you) are (sg.)”)
- an initial b- that was added to the word under influence of verb forms based on Proto-Germanic *beuną (as in Old English beon)[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɪst/
audio (file)
References
- A. van Loey, Schönfeld's Historische Grammatica van het Nederlands, 8. druk 1970, →ISBN; §147a
- Kluge, Friedrich (1989), “bin”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological dictionary of the German language] (in German), 22nd edition, →ISBN
Middle English
Etymology
From Old English bist ("(thou) art"; second person singular of bēon (“to be”)), from Proto-Germanic *biusi (“(thou) art”), equivalent to been + -est.
Usage notes
This form is less common than art for the second-person singular.
West Frisian
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɪst/
Noun
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Yagnobi
Further reading
- Ronald Emmerick, Iranian, in Indo-European Numerals (1992, →ISBN, edited by Jadranka Gvozdanovic), page 312
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