< Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic

Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/orja

This Proto-Uralic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Uralic

Etymology

Traditionally taken as a borrowing from the Proto-Indo-Iranian autonym *áryas, or from an earlier stage of development (practically Proto-Indo-European) *óryos, with meaning 'slave' developing in a similar way as Latin sclavus (“slave”) from Sclavus (“Slav”).[1] The semantic gap makes this uncertain, however.[2] Alternately, the reflexes meaning 'slave, servant' may instead derive from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ- (“to work”).[2]

Noun

*orja [3]

  1. slave?
  2. southerner?

Descendants
  • Permic:
    • Komi:
      • ? Komi-Zyrian: (archaic) вер (ver, “slave, servant”); верӧс (verös, “husband”), пивер (piver, “brother-in-law”) (alternately derived from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (“man”))[4]
    • Udmurt: вар (var, “slave, servant”)
  • Mordvinic: *uŕə
    • Erzya: уре (ure, “slave”)
    • Moksha: уре (ure, “slave”)
  • Samic: ? *oarjē (“south”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Finnic: *orja (“slave”) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Joki, Aulis J. (1973) Uralier und Indogermanen [Uralians and Indo-Europeans] (Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia; 151) (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN
  2. Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
  3. Rédei, Károly (1986–88) Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
  4. Katz, Hartmut. 2003. Studien zu den älteren indoiranischen Lehnwörter in den uralischen Sprachen. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter.
  • Entry #1459 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
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