< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/řuti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃rew-.

Verb

*řuti [1][2][3]

  1. to roar

Inflection

The original inflection appears to have e-grade in the infinitive and o-grade in the present. In some descendants, this alternation was levelled, either by replacing the present stem with the e-grade *rev-, or the infinitive stem with the o-grade *ru-.

Conjugation of *řuti (?, -V/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*řutьje *řuti *řutъ *řulъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *řutъ *rovomъ
Active *rovъ *rovy
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *řuxъ*řu*řu *rovǫ*roveši*rovetь
Dual *řuxově*řusta*řuste *rovevě*roveta*rovete
Plural *řuxomъ*řuste*řušę *rovemъ*rovete*rovǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *rověaxъ*rověaše*rověaše —*rovi*rovi
Dual *rověaxově*rověašeta*rověašete *rověvě*rověta—
Plural *rověaxomъ*rověašete*rověaxǫ *rověmъ*rověte—

Alternative forms
  • *ruti

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: рюти (rjuti), рꙋти (ruti)
      • Belarusian: раўці́ (raŭcí)
      • Russian: реве́ть (revétʹ)
      • Ukrainian: реві́ти (revíty), ревти́ (revtý)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: ревꙑ (revy, pres. act. part.), ровꙑ (rovy, pres. act. part.)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
      • Church Slavonic: рюти (rjuti)
    • Bulgarian: рева́ (revá)
    • Macedonian: реве (reve)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: рѐвати
      Latin: rèvati
    • Slovene: rjúti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: řúti
    • Polish: rzuć
    • Slovak: revať
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: ruć

Further reading
  • Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “реве́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 103
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “реву́”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ŗuti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 436: “v. ‘roar’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “rjuti: rovǫ (revǫ) rovetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 237f.; PR 139)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016), “rjúti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*r'űti, sed. *rȍvǫ (sekundarno tudi nedol. *rűti in sed. *r'ȅvǫ)”
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