< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ěsnъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From earlier *ěsknъ. Cognate with Lithuanian áiškus. Compare Tocharian B yesäñ.
Adjective
*ěsnъ
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *ěsnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ěsnъ | *ěsna | *ěsno |
| Accusative | *ěsnъ | *ěsnǫ | *ěsno |
| Genitive | *ěsna | *ěsny | *ěsna |
| Locative | *ěsně | *ěsně | *ěsně |
| Dative | *ěsnu | *ěsně | *ěsnu |
| Instrumental | *ěsnomь | *ěsnojǫ | *ěsnomь |
| Vocative | *ěsne | *ěsno | *ěsno |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ěsna | *ěsně | *ěsně |
| Accusative | *ěsna | *ěsně | *ěsně |
| Genitive | *ěsnu | *ěsnu | *ěsnu |
| Locative | *ěsnu | *ěsnu | *ěsnu |
| Dative | *ěsnoma | *ěsnama | *ěsnoma |
| Instrumental | *ěsnoma | *ěsnama | *ěsnoma |
| Vocative | *ěsna | *ěsně | *ěsně |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ěsni | *ěsny | *ěsna |
| Accusative | *ěsny | *ěsny | *ěsna |
| Genitive | *ěsnъ | *ěsnъ | *ěsnъ |
| Locative | *ěsněxъ | *ěsnaxъ | *ěsněxъ |
| Dative | *ěsnomъ | *ěsnamъ | *ěsnomъ |
| Instrumental | *ěsny | *ěsnami | *ěsny |
| Vocative | *ěsni | *ěsny | *ěsna |
Definite declension of *ěsnъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ěsnъjь | *ěsnaja | *ěsnoje |
| Accusative | *ěsnъjь | *ěsnǫjǫ | *ěsnoje |
| Genitive | *ěsnajego | *ěsnyję | *ěsnajego |
| Locative | *ěsnějemь | *ěsněji | *ěsnějemь |
| Dative | *ěsnujemu | *ěsněji | *ěsnujemu |
| Instrumental | *ěsnyjimi | *ěsnǫjǫ | *ěsnyjimi |
| Vocative | *ěsnъjь | *ěsnaja | *ěsnoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ěsnaja | *ěsněji | *ěsněji |
| Accusative | *ěsnaja | *ěsněji | *ěsněji |
| Genitive | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju |
| Locative | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju | *ěsnuju |
| Dative | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima |
| Instrumental | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima | *ěsnyjima |
| Vocative | *ěsnaja | *ěsněji | *ěsněji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *ěsniji | *ěsnyję | *ěsnaja |
| Accusative | *ěsnyję | *ěsnyję | *ěsnaja |
| Genitive | *ěsnъjixъ | *ěsnъjixъ | *ěsnъjixъ |
| Locative | *ěsnyjixъ | *ěsnyjixъ | *ěsnyjixъ |
| Dative | *ěsnyjimъ | *ěsnyjimъ | *ěsnyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *ěsnyjimi | *ěsnyjimi | *ěsnyjimi |
| Vocative | *ěsniji | *ěsnyję | *ěsnaja |
Related terms
- *ěskravъ, *jьskra
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
References
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “я́сный”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ěsnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1979), “*ěsknъ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 06, Moscow: Nauka, page 51
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “ясный”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 474
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