< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zъlъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwel- (“to lie, deceive”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φῆλος (phêlos, “deceitful”), Sanskrit वृ (vṛ, “twist, crook”), Avestan 𐬰𐬎𐬭𐬀𐬵 (zurah, “injustice”), Lithuanian žulas (“rough”), Latvian zveļu (“to turn aside”).
Declension
Indefinite declension of *zъlъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *zъlъ | *zъla | *zъlo |
| Accusative | *zъlъ | *zъlǫ | *zъlo |
| Genitive | *zъla | *zъly | *zъla |
| Locative | *zъlě | *zъlě | *zъlě |
| Dative | *zъlu | *zъlě | *zъlu |
| Instrumental | *zъlomь | *zъlojǫ | *zъlomь |
| Vocative | *zъle | *zъlo | *zъlo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zъla | *zъlě | *zъlě |
| Accusative | *zъla | *zъlě | *zъlě |
| Genitive | *zъlu | *zъlu | *zъlu |
| Locative | *zъlu | *zъlu | *zъlu |
| Dative | *zъloma | *zъlama | *zъloma |
| Instrumental | *zъloma | *zъlama | *zъloma |
| Vocative | *zъla | *zъlě | *zъlě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zъli | *zъly | *zъla |
| Accusative | *zъly | *zъly | *zъla |
| Genitive | *zъlъ | *zъlъ | *zъlъ |
| Locative | *zъlěxъ | *zъlaxъ | *zъlěxъ |
| Dative | *zъlomъ | *zъlamъ | *zъlomъ |
| Instrumental | *zъly | *zъlami | *zъly |
| Vocative | *zъli | *zъly | *zъla |
Definite declension of *zъlъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *zъlъjь | *zъlaja | *zъloje |
| Accusative | *zъlъjь | *zъlǫjǫ | *zъloje |
| Genitive | *zъlajego | *zъlyję | *zъlajego |
| Locative | *zъlějemь | *zъlěji | *zъlějemь |
| Dative | *zъlujemu | *zъlěji | *zъlujemu |
| Instrumental | *zъlyjimi | *zъlǫjǫ | *zъlyjimi |
| Vocative | *zъlъjь | *zъlaja | *zъloje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zъlaja | *zъlěji | *zъlěji |
| Accusative | *zъlaja | *zъlěji | *zъlěji |
| Genitive | *zъluju | *zъluju | *zъluju |
| Locative | *zъluju | *zъluju | *zъluju |
| Dative | *zъlyjima | *zъlyjima | *zъlyjima |
| Instrumental | *zъlyjima | *zъlyjima | *zъlyjima |
| Vocative | *zъlaja | *zъlěji | *zъlěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zъliji | *zъlyję | *zъlaja |
| Accusative | *zъlyję | *zъlyję | *zъlaja |
| Genitive | *zъlъjixъ | *zъlъjixъ | *zъlъjixъ |
| Locative | *zъlyjixъ | *zъlyjixъ | *zъlyjixъ |
| Dative | *zъlyjimъ | *zъlyjimъ | *zъlyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *zъlyjimi | *zъlyjimi | *zъlyjimi |
| Vocative | *zъliji | *zъlyję | *zъlaja |
Antonyms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “злой”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*zъlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 551
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