Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zęti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemb-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ-, and cognate with Lithuanian žem̃bti (“to sharpen, to cut slantwise”), Sanskrit जम्भते (jámbhate, “to snatch”), जम्भयति (jámbhayati, “to crush”). Suggested semantic development is cut > bite > frostbite > freeze. Vasmer generally agrees, and adds Albanian dhëmp (“painful”) as a cognate. Derksen further suggests a possible connection with *zǫbъ (“tooth”), in which case many other words are cognate, e.g. Sanskrit जम्भ (jámbha, “tooth”), Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “pin, nail”), English comb.

Verb

*zęti

to freeze?

Inflection

Conjugation of *zęti (?, -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*zębenьje	*zęti	*zętъ	*zęblъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*zębenъ	*zębomъ
Active	*zębъ	*zęby

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zęb(ox)ъ	*zębe	*zębe	*zębǫ	*zębeši	*zębetь
Dual	*zęb(ox)ově	*zęb(e/os)ta	*zęb(e/os)te	*zębevě	*zębeta	*zębete
Plural	*zęb(ox)omъ	*zęb(e/os)te	zębǫ, zębošę	*zębemъ	*zębete	*zębǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zęběaxъ	*zęběaše	*zęběaše	—	*zębi	*zębi
Dual	*zęběaxově	*zęběašeta	*zęběašete	*zęběvě	*zęběta	—
Plural	*zęběaxomъ	*zęběašete	*zęběaxǫ	*zęběmъ	*zęběte	—

Derived terms

*zębnǫti (“to suffer from cold”)

Related terms

*zǫbъ (“tooth”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: зябци́ (zjabcí)
- Russian: зябти́ (zjabtí) (dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: зѧбоми (zębomi, nom. masc. pl. pres. pasv. part.)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: зе̑псти
  
  Latin: zȇpsti
  - Chakavian (Vrgada?): zẽsti
  - Chakavian (Orbanići?): zⁱẽs
- Slovene: zẹ́bsti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: zábsti
- Slovak: ziabsť