< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krǫtiti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Deadjectival from *krǫ̑tъ (“winding? steep? severe?”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *krant-, also found in Lithuanian krañtas (“bank (of a river)”).
- Per Derksen, with no cognates outside of Balto-Slavic.
- Per Vasmer, presumably from a nasal-infix variant of Proto-Indo-European *kert-, found in Sanskrit कृणत्ति (kṛṇátti, “to twist thread, to spin”), चृटति (cṛṭáti, “to bind, to fasten together”), Ancient Greek κάρταλος (kártalos, “basket”), κυρτία (kurtía, “anything made of wicker”), Latin crātis (“wattle fence, corral”), Old Irish cret (“body of a cart”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐍃 (haurds, “door”), Old High German hurt (“wattle fence, anything made of wicker”) (plural hurdi).
Inflection
Conjugation of *krǫtiti (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *krǫťenьje | *krǫtiti | *krǫtitъ | *krǫtilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *krǫťenъ | *krǫtimъ |
| Active | *krǫťь | *krǫtę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *krǫtixъ | *krǫti | *krǫti | *krǫťǫ | *krǫtiši | *krǫtitь |
| Dual | *krǫtixově | *krǫtista | *krǫtiste | *krǫtivě | *krǫtita | *krǫtite |
| Plural | *krǫtixomъ | *krǫtiste | *krǫtišę | *krǫtimъ | *krǫtite | *krǫtętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *krǫťaaxъ | *krǫťaaše | *krǫťaaše | — | *krǫti | *krǫti |
| Dual | *krǫťaaxově | *krǫťaašeta | *krǫťaašete | *krǫtivě | *krǫtita | — |
| Plural | *krǫťaaxomъ | *krǫťaašete | *krǫťaaxǫ | *krǫtimъ | *krǫtite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*krǫtivъ is later doublet of past active participle
Related terms
- *krǫ̑tъ (“winding? steep? severe?”)
Descendants
- Church Slavonic: крѫтити сѧ (krǫtiti sę, “to turn”), 1sg. крѫщѫ (krǫštǫ)
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Czech: kroutit (“to turn, to twirl”)
- Old Polish: kręcić (“to twist, to turn”)
- Polish: kręcić (“to turn, to twirl”), dialectal also krącić
- Slovak: krútiť (“to turn, to twirl”)
- Slovincian: krą̃cĕc
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: krućić (“to strengthen”), kruć (“to twist”)
- Lower Sorbian: kšuśiś (“to harden, to strengthen”)
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “крята́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1987), “*krǫtiti (sę)”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 13, Moscow: Nauka, page 30
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*krǫtiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 251: “v. ‘turn, twist, twirl’”
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