Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъbnǫti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *gub- + *-nǫti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gub-. Cognate with Lithuanian gùbti (“to bend”), 3sg. gum̃ba, and Latvian gubt (“to bend”), 3sg. gubst. Per Derksen,[1] the root derives from Proto-Indo-European *gʰubʰ- and is cognate with Old English ġēap, which has its p due to Kluge's law. This law, however, is not generally accepted. An alternative Proto-Indo-European root that would account for both Germanic and Slavic forms is *gʰub-, although this would contain the rare or non-existent phoneme *b, and would violate Winter's law (also, however, controversial). Trubačev instead proposes[2] that the Balto-Slavic root *gub- is metathesized from *bug-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- / *bʰewg-, as found in Proto-Slavic *bъgati (“to bend”) (dialectal Russian бгать (bgatʹ), Ukrainian бга́ти (bháty)) and cognate with Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (biugan, “to bend”), English bow.
Inflection
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *gъbenьje | *gъbnǫti | *gъbnǫtъ | *gъblъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *gъbenъ | *gъbnomъ |
| Active | *gъbъ | *gъbny |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gъb(ox)ъ | *gъbe | *gъbe | *gъbnǫ | *gъbneši | *gъbnetь |
| Dual | *gъb(ox)ově | *gъb(e/os)ta | *gъb(e/os)te | *gъbnevě | *gъbneta | *gъbnete |
| Plural | *gъb(ox)omъ | *gъb(e/os)te | *gъbǫ, *gъbošę | *gъbnemъ | *gъbnete | *gъbnǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gъbněaxъ | *gъbněaše | *gъbněaše | — | *gъbni | *gъbni |
| Dual | *gъbněaxově | *gъbněašeta | *gъbněašete | *gъbněvě | *gъbněta | — |
| Plural | *gъbněaxomъ | *gъbněašete | *gъbněaxǫ | *gъbněmъ | *gъbněte | — |
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *gъbnovenьje | *gъbnǫti | *gъbnǫtъ | *gъbnǫlъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *gъbnovenъ | *gъbnomъ |
| Active | *gъbnǫvъ | *gъbny |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gъbnǫxъ | *gъbnǫ | *gъbnǫ | *gъbnǫ | *gъbneši | *gъbnetь |
| Dual | *gъbnǫxově | *gъbnǫsta | *gъbnǫste | *gъbnevě | *gъbneta | *gъbnete |
| Plural | *gъbnǫxomъ | *gъbnǫste | *gъbnǫšę | *gъbnemъ | *gъbnete | *gъbnǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gъbněaxъ | *gъbněaše | *gъbněaše | — | *gъbni | *gъbni |
| Dual | *gъbněaxově | *gъbněašeta | *gъbněašete | *gъbněvě | *gъbněta | — |
| Plural | *gъbněaxomъ | *gъbněašete | *gъbněaxǫ | *gъbněmъ | *gъbněte | — |
Related terms
Related terms
- *ogъbnǫti
- *orzgъbnǫti
- *sъgъbnǫti
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “гнуть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gъbnǫti”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 07, Moscow: Nauka, page 188
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gъnǫti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 197: “PIE *gʰubʰ-”
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1976), “*bъgati”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 03, Moscow: Nauka, page 114
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gъnǫti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 197: “v. ‘bend’”