Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gręzti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*grę̑znǫti

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grimz-. Cognate with Lithuanian grim̃zti (“to sink”) (3sg. grim̃zta, 3sg. past grim̃zdo), Latvian grim̃t (“to sink”), grèmdêt (“to immerse”).

Per Derksen, further connections uncertain.
Per Vasmer, cognate with Gothic 𐌵𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌰 (qrammiþa, “humidity”), Latin grāmiae (“pus in the eye”, pl.), and possibly with Albanian kreth (“to dive into the water”) (passive kredhem, aorist ukrodha).

Verb

*gręzti impf

to sink
Synonyms: *gręznǫti, *gręziti

Inflection

Conjugation of *gręzti (impf., intr., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*gręzenьje	*gręzti	*gręztъ	*gręzlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*gręzъ	*gręzy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gręz(ox)ъ	*gręze	*gręze	*gręzǫ	*gręzeši	*gręzetь
Dual	*gręz(ox)ově	*gręz(e/os)ta	*gręz(e/os)te	*gręzevě	*gręzeta	*gręzete
Plural	*gręz(ox)omъ	*gręz(e/os)te	gręzǫ, gręzošę	*gręzemъ	*gręzete	*gręzǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gręzěaxъ	*gręzěaše	*gręzěaše	—	*gręzi	*gręzi
Dual	*gręzěaxově	*gręzěašeta	*gręzěašete	*gręzěvě	*gręzěta	—
Plural	*gręzěaxomъ	*gręzěašete	*gręzěaxǫ	*gręzěmъ	*gręzěte	—

Conjugation of *gręznǫti (impf., intr., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*gręzenьje	*gręznǫti	*gręznǫtъ	*gręzlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*gręzъ	*gręzny

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gręz(ox)ъ	*gręze	*gręze	*gręznǫ	*gręzneši	*gręznetь
Dual	*gręz(ox)ově	*gręz(e/os)ta	*gręz(e/os)te	*gręznevě	*gręzneta	*gręznete
Plural	*gręz(ox)omъ	*gręz(e/os)te	gręzǫ, gręzošę	*gręznemъ	*gręznete	*gręznǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gręzněaxъ	*gręzněaše	*gręzněaše	—	*gręzni	*gręzni
Dual	*gręzněaxově	*gręzněašeta	*gręzněašete	*gręzněvě	*gręzněta	—
Plural	*gręzněaxomъ	*gręzněašete	*gręzněaxǫ	*gręzněmъ	*gręzněte	—

Derived terms

Adjectives:
- *gręzъkъ
- *gręzьnъ
- *grǫzьnъ
Verbs:
- *gręzati (“to sink”)
- *gręziti (“to sink”)
- *grǫziti (“to sink”)
- *grǫznǫti
Nouns:
- *gręza (“mud, dirt, mire”)
- *grę̑zь (“mud, dirt”)
- *grǫzь
- *grǫzъ
- *grǫzidlo

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: *грꙗзти (*grjazti, “to sink, to wallow”), грꙗзуща (grjazušča) (11th century?)
West Slavic:
- Polish: *grząźć, ugrząźć
- Kashubian: gřëzc

References

Wiesław Boryś; Hanna Popowska-Taborska (1997), “gřëzc”, in Słownik etymologiczny kaszubszczyzny: D-J (in Polish), volume 2, Slawistyczny Ośrodek Wydaawniczy, page 227
Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “грязь”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, pages 224–225
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gręzti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 188
Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gręzti”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 07, Moscow: Nauka, page 124
Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “гря́знуть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
“грꙗзти”, in Словарь русского языка XI–XVII (Slovarʹ russkovo jazyka XI–XVII) (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, 1977, page 150
“погрязти”, in Словарь русского языка XI–XVII (Slovarʹ russkovo jazyka XI–XVII) (in Russian), volume 15, Moscow: Nauka, 1989, page 208
Sreznevskij, I. I. (1902), “нагрѧзти”, in Materialy dlja slovarja drevne-russkago jazyka po pisʹmennym pamjatnikam [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old Russian Language According to Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 2, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 275
Sreznevskij, I. I. (1902), “погрѧзти”, in Materialy dlja slovarja drevne-russkago jazyka po pisʹmennym pamjatnikam [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old Russian Language According to Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 2, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 1024
Sreznevskij, I. I. (1912), “угрѧзнути”, in Materialy dlja slovarja drevne-russkago jazyka po pisʹmennym pamjatnikam [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old Russian Language According to Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 3, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 1140

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