Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/swápnas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swépnos.

Noun

*swápnas m

sleep, sleeping
dreaming

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*swápnas	*swápnā	*swápnā, -ās(as)
vocative	*swápna	*swápnā	*swápnā, -ās(as)
accusative	*swápnam	*swápnā	*swápnāns
instrumental	*swápnā	*swápnaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*swápnāyš
ablative	*swápnāt	*swápnaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*swápnaybʰyas
dative	*swápnāy	*swápnaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*swápnaybʰyas
genitive	*swápnasya	*swápnayās	*swápnāna(H)m
locative	*swápnay	*swápnayaw	*swápnayšu

Descendants

Indo-Aryan: *swápnas
- Sanskrit: स्वप्न (svápna) (see there for further descendants)
Iranian: *hwáfnah
- Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬀‏‎ (xᵛafna‏)
- Gurani: وەرم‎ (warm, “dream, sleep”)
- Kurdish: xewn (“dream”)
- Middle Persian: [script needed] (xwmn /xwamn/, “dream, sleep”)
- Parthian: [script needed] (xwmr /xwamr/, “sleep”)
- Sivandi: [script needed] (färm, “sleep”)
- Zazaki: hewn (“dream, sleep”)

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