Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ná

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *né.

Adverb

*ná [1]

no, not

Descendants

Indo-Aryan: *ná
- Sanskrit: न (ná)
  - Dardic: *ná
    - Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (na)
    - Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (na)
    - Kalami: [script needed] (na)
    - Khowar: [script needed] (na), [script needed] (no)
    - Kashmiri: [script needed] (na)
    - Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (na)
    - Northeast Pashayi: [Term?] (na)
    - Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (na)
    - Phalura: [script needed] (na)
    - Shina: [script needed] (na)
    - Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (na)
    - Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (na)
    - Tirahi: [script needed] (nā)
    - Torwali: [script needed] (na)
    - Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (na)
  - Helu:
    - Dhivehi: ނަ‎ (na)
    - Sinhalese: න (na)
  - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀡 (ṇa), 𑀡𑀸 (ṇā)
    - Assamese: না (na)
    - Bengali: না (na)
    - Bihari: ना (nā)
      - Bhojpuri: ना (nā)
      - Maithili: ना (nā)
    - Oriya: ନା (na)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡 (ṇa), 𑀡𑀸 (ṇā)
    - Konkani: ना (nā)
    - Marathi: ना (nā)
  - Pali: na
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡 (ṇa), 𑀡𑀸 (ṇā)
    - Garhwali: ना (nā)
    - Gujarati: ના (nā)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: न (na, “don't”), ना (nā, “don't”)
      Urdu: نہ‎‎ (na, “don't”), نہ‎‎ (nā, “don't”)
    - Kumaoni: न (na)
    - Marwari: ना (nā)
    - Nepali: न (na)
    - Punjabi: ਨਾ (nā)
    - Romani: na
    - Sindhi: न (na)
Iranian: *ná
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬥𐬀‎ (na)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Ossetian: нæ (næ)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Kurdish: na, ne
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian:
    - Middle Persian: 𐭫𐭠‎ (LA /nē/)
    - Persian: نه‎ (na), نی‎ (nê)
Nuristani: *ná
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: nā
    
    Kativiri: na
  - Prasuni: nā
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: nā
  - Waigali: na

References

Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project)‎, Leiden University

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[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project)‎, Leiden University