< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/mr̥dúš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *mléd-u-s ~ *ml̥d-éw-s[1], from *meld-. Cognate with Ancient Greek βλαδύς (bladús), Latin mollis, Proto-Germanic *mildijaz, Proto-Slavic *moldъ, Old Armenian մեղկ (mełk).

Adjective

*mr̥dúš (comparative *mrádyas, superlative *mrádištʰas) [1]

  1. soft, mild, weak

Descendants
  • Indo-Aryan: *mr̥dúṣ
    • Sanskrit: मृदु (mṛdú)
      • Pali: mudu
      • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑁅 (mau)
      • Gujarati: મઉ (mau)
      • Tamil: மிருது (mirutu)
  • Iranian: *mr̥dúš[2][1]
    • Parachi: maṛȫ
    • ⇒ Iranian: *Mr̥dúš[3][4] (personal name)
      • Old Median: *Mr̥duš
        • → Aramaic: מרדו‎ (mrdw)
      • Parthian:
        Inscriptional Parthian: [script needed] (mʾrd /mard/)
      • Middle Persian:
        Inscriptional Pahlavi: [Inscriptional Pahlavi needed] (mrdw /mard/)
    • ⇒ Iranian: *Mr̥dúniyah (personal name)
      • Old Persian: *Mạrduniyaʰ (nom.sg.), 𐎶𐎼𐎯𐎢𐎴𐎡𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 (m-r-dᵘ-u-n-i-y-h-y-a /Mạrduniyahyaʰ/, gen.sg.)[5]
        • → Elamite: 𒈥𒁺𒉡𒅀 (mar-du-nu-ia)
        • → Ancient Greek: Μαρδόνιος (Mardónios)
        • ⇒ Old Persian: *Mạrdunikaʰ[6][4]
          • → Elamite: 𒈥𒁺𒉡𒅗 (mar-du-nu-ka)
      • Old Median: *Mr̥duniya[5]
        • → Akkadian: 𒈠𒅈𒁺𒉌𒅀 (ma-ar-du-ni-ia), 𒈥𒁲𒉌𒅀 (mar-di-ni-ia), 𒈥𒁺𒌑𒉌𒅀 (mar-du-ú-ni-ia), 𒈥𒁺𒉌𒅀 (mar-du-n[i-ia])
        • → Aramaic: מרדוני‎ (mrd[wn]y)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “mr̥dú-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  2. Schmitt, Rüdiger (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 212
  3. Tavernier, Jan (2007), “*Mr̥du-”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550-330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, pages 253-254
  4. Hinz, Walther (1975), “*mrzuka-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 169
  5. Tavernier, Jan (2007), “Mạrduniya- (M-r-du-u-n-i-y-)”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550-330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 19
  6. Tavernier, Jan (2007), “*Mr̥dunika”, in Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550-330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 254
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