Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kŕ̥miš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis. Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *kirmis, Proto-Celtic *kʷrimis.

Noun

*kŕ̥miš m

worm

Declension

masculine i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kŕ̥miš	*kŕ̥miH	*kŕ̥mayas
vocative	*kŕ̥may	*kŕ̥miH	*kŕ̥mayas
accusative	*kŕ̥mim	*kŕ̥miH	*kŕ̥mīn, -īš
instrumental	*kŕ̥miH	*kŕ̥mibʰyām	*kŕ̥mibʰiš
ablative	*kŕ̥mayš	*kŕ̥mibʰyām	*kŕ̥mibʰyas
dative	*kŕ̥mayay	*kŕ̥mibʰyām	*kŕ̥mibʰyas
genitive	*kŕ̥mayš	*kŕ̥myawš	*kŕ̥mayām?
locative	*kŕ̥mā(w)?	*kŕ̥myawš	*kŕ̥mišu

Descendants

Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥miṣ
- Sanskrit: कृमि (kṛ́mi)
  - ⇒ Sanskrit: क्रिमि (krimi)
  - → Telugu: క్రిమి (krimi)
- Middle Indo-Aryan:
  - Pali: kimi
  - Sinhalese: කිමියා (kimiyā)
Iranian: *kŕ̥miš
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬁‎ (kərəmā)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Ossetian: калм (kalm, “worm, small snake”)
  - Sogdian: ܟܝܪܡ‎ (kirm, “snake”)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Baluchi: کرم‎ (kirm)
  - Kurdish: kirm
  - Old Median: *kə́rmiš (see there for further descendants)
  - Parthian: 𐫐𐫡𐫖‎ (kirm, “shooting star”)
  - Zaza-Gurani:
    - Gurani: کرمی‎ (kirmī)
    - Zazaki: kerm(î) (karm(ī))
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: [Term?] (/*kármiš/)
    - Middle Persian: (/kirm/)
      Manichaean: 𐫐𐫡𐫖‎ (krm)
      
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (klm)
      - Persian: کرم‎ (kerm)

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