< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱḗr
Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction
The nominative singular form is underlyingly */ḱérd/, yielding the surface form *ḱḗr which is itself evident in Ancient Greek κῆρ (kêr) and Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (ker). This reconstruction is the only instance in PIE where a loss of */d/ after */r/ with compensatory lengthening of the preceding vowel occurred. It is not clear whether this is an isolated example, or a part of a broader process such as Szemerényi's law.
Inflection
Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | |||
nominative | *ḱḗr | ||
genitive | *ḱr̥dés | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | *ḱḗr | *ḱérdih₁ | *ḱérdh₂ |
vocative | *ḱḗr | *ḱérdih₁ | *ḱérdh₂ |
accusative | *ḱḗr | *ḱérdih₁ | *ḱérdh₂ |
genitive | *ḱr̥dés | *? | *ḱr̥dóHom |
ablative | *ḱr̥dés | *? | *ḱr̥dmós |
dative | *ḱr̥déy | *? | *ḱr̥dmós |
locative | *ḱḗr, *ḱérdi | *? | *ḱr̥dsú |
instrumental | *ḱr̥déh₁ | *? | *ḱr̥dbʰí |
Derived terms
- *ḱréddʰh₁eti (“to place one's heart”)
Descendants
- Albanian: [Term?]
- Anatolian: [Term?]
- Armenian: *ḱḗrdi-
- Balto-Slavic: *śirdis (see there for further descendants)
- Celtic: *kridyom (see there for further descendants)
- Germanic: *hertô (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic: [Term?]
- Italic: *kord
- Latin: cor (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam (unexplained voiced aspiration) (see there for further descendants)
- Tocharian: *käryā-
- → Kartvelian: *mḳerd- (possibly) (see there for further descendants)
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