< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱerh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

References

Potentially a collective derivation in *-h₂ from *ḱer- (“horn”).[2] A possible loan relation with Proto-Semitic *qarn- (“horn”) has also been suggested.

Root

*ḱerh₂-

  1. head, top
  2. horn

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*%E1%B8%B1erh%E2%82%82-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *ḱerh₂-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *ḱerh₂-</a>
  • *ḱérh₂-s-ō ~ *ḱr̥h₂-s-né-s
  • *ḱŕ̥h₂-es-n-h₂ (collective)[3]
    • Hellenic: *kárānon (backformation from *kárāna)
  • *ḱér-h₂-os ~ *ḱér-h₂-es-[4]
  • *ḱŕ̥h₂-os ~ *ḱŕ̥h₂-es-[5][6][7]
    • Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: սար (sar, “tip, top; mountain”) (or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)
    • Indo-Iranian: *ćŕ̥Has (see there for further descendants)
  • *ḱŕ̥h₂-o-s
  • *ḱr̥h₂-nó-s[8][9][10][11]
    • Balto-Slavic: *śírˀnāˀ
    • Celtic: *karnos
      • Brythonic: karn
      • Gaulish: *carnon (“horn”), carnuātus (“horned”)
        • → Ancient Greek: κάρνον (kárnon, “Gallic horn”)
    • Germanic: *hurną (see there for further descendants)
    • Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hngám
      • Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hngám
    • Italic: *kornū
  • *ḱr̥h₂-wós, *ḱér-wo-s ~ *ḱr̥h₂-éw-os (“deer, stag”, literally “the horned one”)[12][13][14][15]
    • Balto-Slavic: *śirˀwas
      • Old Prussian: sirwis
      • → Finnic: *hirvas, *hirvi (see there for further descendants)
      • → Samic: *sërvēs, *sërvë (see there for further descendants)
    • Celtic: *karwos (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic: *kerawós
      • Ancient Greek: κερᾰός (keraós), κερᾱΐς (kerāḯs)
    • Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hwás (see there for further descendants)
    • Italic: *kerwos
  • *ḱórh₂-we-h₂ (collective)[16][17]
    • Balto-Slavic: *kórˀwāˀ
      • Lithuanian: kárvė
      • Slavic: *kòrva (see there for further descendants)
  • *ḱerh₂-s-ro-m[5][18]
  • *kr̥h₂-s-ḗr ~ *kr̥h₂-s-n-ós (“hornet”, literally “the one with horns, i.e. antennae”)[19][20][21][22]
    • Balto-Slavic: *śirˀšō (see there for further descendants)
      • Slavic: *sьrxy (see there for further descendants)
    • Germanic: *hurznutō (see there for further descendants)
    • Italic: *krāzrō
      • Latin: crābrō (see there for further descendants)
  • *ḱerh₂-o-now-os (literally “head nodding”)[23]
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Anatolian: (possibly, though Kloekhorst disagrees)[2]
      • Hittite: [script needed] (karau̯ar), [script needed] (surna), [script needed] (harsar)
      • Luwian: [script needed] (zurni)
      • → Persian: سرنا‎ (sornâ) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “¹k̑er-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 574
  2. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “(SI)karāu̯ar / karaun”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 517-518
  3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κάρᾱ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 641
  4. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κέρας”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 676-677
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hersan- ~ *herzan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 221–222
  6. Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 906
  7. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 570–571
  8. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*sьrna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 485
  9. Derksen, Rick (2015), “stirna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 428-429
  10. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*karno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 190-191
  11. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hurna-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 259
  12. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κεραός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 676
  13. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κερᾱΐς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 674
  14. Čong, Dž. (Cheung, Johnny) (2009)T. K., Salbijeva, transl., Očerki istoričeskovo razvitija osetinskovo vokalizma [Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism] (in Russian), Vladikavkaz: Izdatelʹsko-poligrafičeskoje predprijatije im. V. Gassijeva, →ISBN, pages 22, 82, 177, 178, 320
  15. Abajev, V. I. (1979) Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ osetinskovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow, Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, pages 179–181
  16. Derksen, Rick (2015), “karvė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 230
  17. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kòrva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236
  18. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cerebrum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 109
  19. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*sьršenь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 485-486
  20. Derksen, Rick (2015), “širšuo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 449-450
  21. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “crābrō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 140
  22. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hurznuta/ō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 259
  23. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “cernuus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 110-111
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