< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵónu

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

*ǵónu n [1][2]

  1. knee

Inflection
Athematic, proterokinetic
singular
nominative *ǵónu
genitive *ǵnéws
singular dual plural
nominative *ǵónu *ǵónwih₁ *ǵónuh₂
vocative *ǵónu *ǵónwih₁ *ǵónuh₂
accusative *ǵónu *ǵónwih₁ *ǵónuh₂
genitive *ǵnéws *? *ǵnéwoHom
ablative *ǵnéws *? *ǵnúmos
dative *ǵnéwey *? *ǵnúmos
locative *ǵnéw, *ǵnéwi *? *ǵnúsu
instrumental *ǵnúh₁ *? *ǵnúbʰi

Derived terms
  • *ǵénw-eh₂
    • Celtic: *genwā (“(river) bend”)
      • → Latin: Genua, Genva, Genava (toponym)
      • → Latin: Genua, Genva (toponym) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵnéw-o-m[1]
    • Germanic: *knewą[3] (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵnu-nó-s[3]
    • Albanian: *gluna (< earlier *gnuna)[4]
      • Albanian: glû
        • Albanian: gju, gjû
  • *ǵnu-tó-s
    • *ǵnút-tu-s[5]
      • Germanic: *knussuz[5]
        • ⇒ Germanic: *knussijaną (“to kneel”)[5]
          • Gothic: 𐌺𐌽𐌿𐍃𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (knussjan)
    • *ǵnut-néh₂-ti (*néh₂-present)[5]
      • Germanic: *knuttōną (“to swat”)[5] (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵnuh₂-nó-s (< plural *ǵónuh₂)
    • Celtic: *glūnos (< earlier *gnūnos)[6] (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵnus-ró-s
    • *ǵnusr-yé-ti (“to kneel”, yé-denomitive)[7]
      • Anatolian: [Term?]
        • Hittite: 𒄀𒉡𒍑𒊭𒊑𒊍𒍣 (ge-nu-uš-ša-ri-az-zi)
  • *ǵonw-ó-s[3]
Unsorted formations
  • Armenian:
  • Hellenic: *gonwía[9]
  • Illyrian: [Term?]
    • → Ancient Greek: Γενουσία (Genousía) (toponym)
    • → Latin: Genusia (toponym)
      • → Italian: Ginosa, (dialectal) Genòse
  • Illyrian: [Term?]
    • → Ancient Greek: Γενούσιος (Genoúsios) (toponym)
  • Illyrian: [Term?]
    • → Ancient Greek: Γενοῦσος (Genoûsos) (toponym)

Descendants
  • Anatolian: [Term?]
    • Hittite: 𒄀𒂊𒉡 (ge-e-nu /gēnu/, nom.-acc.sg), (/ganu-/ in oblique cases)[7]
  • Armenian:
  • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
  • Hellenic: *gónu
  • Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ā́nu (see there for further descendants)
  • Italic: *genū[10] (< instrumental *ǵénuh₁)
    • Latin: genū (see there for further descendants)
  • Tocharian: *kenwäi (dual)[11]

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “g̑enu-, g̑neu-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 380-381
  2. Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press
  3. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*knewa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 296
  4. Orel, Vladimir (1998), “gju ~ gjû”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, page 137
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*knussjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 298
  6. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*glūnos-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 162
  7. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “(UZU)genu- / ganu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 540-541
  8. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γόνυ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 283
  9. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γωνία”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 294
  10. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “genu, -ūs”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 259
  11. Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “keni”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN
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