Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swéḱs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Given the attested forms in the daughter languages, some have proposed one original form *wéḱs (Armenian, Old Prussian and even Ancient Greek). The initial *s- was secondary (imported from *septḿ̥) and when it was just added the result was *swéḱs (Celtic, Ancient Greek, if not from *wéḱs, and Iranian), but when it was substituted for the original consonant letter the result was *séḱs (Sanskrit, Latin, Germanic, Lithuanian and OCS).

Numeral

cardinal number
6	Previous:	*pénkʷe
6	Next:	*septḿ̥

*swéḱs

six

Descendants

Albanian: *seksti
- Albanian: gjashtë
Armenian:
- Old Armenian: վեց (vecʿ)
  - Armenian: վեց (vecʿ)
Balto-Slavic: *šéš
- Lithuanian: šešì
- Latvian: seši
- Slavic: *šestь (see there for further descendants)
Celtic: *swexs (see there for further descendants)
Germanic: *sehs (see there for further descendants)
Hellenic: *hwéks
- Ancient Greek: ἕξ (héx)
  - Greek: έξι (éxi)
- Doric: ϝέξ (wéx)
Indo-Iranian: *šwáĉš
- Indo-Aryan: *ṣwáṭṣ
  - Sanskrit: षष् (ṣáṣ), षट् (ṣáṭ)
    - Bengali: ছয় (chôy)
    - Gujarati: છ (cha)
    - Punjabi: ਛੇ (che)
    - Hindustani:
      - Hindi: छह (chah)
      - Urdu: چھہ‎ (chah)
- Iranian: *xšwáš, *šwáš
  - Avestan: 𐬑𐬴𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬱‎ (xṣ̌uuaš)
  - Baluchi: شش‎ (šaš)
  - Kurdish: şeş
  - Old Persian: *xšaš
    - Middle Persian: 𐭱𐭲𐭠‎ (šaš)
      - Persian: شش‎ (šaš, šeš)
        Tajik: шаш (šaš)
Italic: *seks
- Latin: sex (see there for further descendants)
→ Kartvelian: *eks₁w-
- Georgian-Zan:
  - Laz: აში (aši), ანში (anši)
  - Mingrelian: ამშვი (amšvi)
  - Old Georgian: ექუსი (ekusi)
    - Georgian: ექვსი (ekvsi)
- Svan: უსგუ̂ა (usgûa)
Tocharian:
- Tocharian А: ṣäk
- Tocharian В: ṣkas

References

Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

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