< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/semh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms
  • *s(e)m-eh₂-, *semH-

Root

*semh₂-

  1. summer, year (season)

Derived terms
  • *s(é)m-eh₂[1]
  • *sm̥-h₂-ó-[2]
    • Germanic: *sumaraz (see there for further descendants)
  • *sm̥h₂-ó-s
    • Celtic: *samos (see there for further descendants)

Descendants
  • Armenian:
  • Indo-Iranian: *samH-
    • Indo-Aryan: *sámaH
      • Sanskrit: समा (sámā, “season, weather, half-year”)
    • Iranian: *samH-
      • Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀‎ (hama), 𐬴𐬀𐬨𐬀‎ (ṣ̌ama) (in combinated words such as: 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬋𐬌.𐬴𐬀𐬨𐬀‎ (maiδiiōi.ṣ̌ama, “mid-summer”)
      • Khotanese: [Term?] (/hamana-/, “summer”)
      • Zaza-Gorani:
      • Kurdish:
        • Northern Kurdish: havîn , avîn
        • Central Kurdish: هاوین‎ (hawîn)
      • Old Persian: [Term?]
        • Middle Persian: [script needed] (hʾmyn' /hāmīn/)
      • Manichaen Sogdian: 𐫀𐫀𐫖𐫏𐫗𐫏𐫏‎ (ʾʾmynyy /āmīnē/)
  • Tocharian: [Term?]
    • Tocharian A: ṣme
    • Tocharian B: ṣmāye

See also
Seasons in Proto-Indo-European · [Term?] (layout · text)
*wósr̥ (“spring”) *semh₂- (“summer”) *(s)h₁es- (“autumn”) *ǵʰéyōm (“winter”)

References
  1. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “sámā-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 704
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sumara-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 491
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