< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pstḗn

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *ph₂sth₂-ó-s (“firm, solid, fixed”) +‎ *-ḗn (n-stem suffix), from *peh₂ǵ- (“to become firm”) +‎ *steh₂- (“to stand”) +‎ *-ós[1].

Noun

*pstḗn m [2]

  1. breast, teat

Inflection
Athematic, hysterokinetic
singular
nominative *pstḗn
genitive *pstnés
singular dual plural
nominative *pstḗn *psténh₁(e) *psténes
vocative *pstén *psténh₁(e) *psténes
accusative *psténm̥ *psténh₁(e) *psténm̥s
genitive *pstnés *? *pstnóHom
ablative *pstnés *? *pstn̥mós
dative *pstnéy *? *pstn̥mós
locative *pstén, *psténi *? *pstn̥sú
instrumental *pstnéh₁ *? *pstn̥bʰí

Descendants
  • Armenian: *stēn[3][4]
    • Old Armenian: ստին (stin, “breast”)
  • Hellenic: [Term?][4]
  • Tocharian: *päścäne (< CCC epenthesis, *psténh₁(e) (dual))
    • Tocharian A: päśśäṃ
    • Tocharian B: päścane du (“woman’s breasts”)

Derived terms
  • *pstén-o-s[5]
    • Indo-Iranian: *pstánas (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ *sptén-o-s[5] (< metathesis *pstén-o-s)
      • Germanic: *spenô (“nipple”)[5] (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ *pr̥-sptén-o-s (“having protruding breasts”)[6]
        • Ancient Greek: παρθένος (parthénos), (Laconian) παρσένος (parsénos, “virgin, girl, young woman”)
  • *pston-ó-s
    • Indo-Iranian: *pstānás
      • Iranian: *pstānáh
        • Avestan: 𐬟𐬱𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀‎ (fštāna, “woman's breast”)
        • Middle Persian: pystʾn' (pestān, “breast”)
        • Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾštnh /əštana/, “breast”)
  • *sptén-yo-s[5] (< metathesis *pstén-yo-s)
    • Balto-Slavic: *spenis
      • Latvian: spenis (“nipple, teat, uvula”)
      • Lithuanian: spenỹs (“uvula”)
      • Old Prussian: spenis (“nipple, teat”)
    • Celtic: *sɸenyos[7]
      • Old Irish: sine (“teat, nipple”)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*fastu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 131
  2. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “speno-, stḗno-, p(ə)stḗno-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 990
  3. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “stin”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 584–585
  4. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “στήνιον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1404
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*spenan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 466
  6. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “παρθένος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1153
  7. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*sfenyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 333
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