< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peyḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*peyḱ- [1]

  1. to hew, cut out
  2. to stitch, embroider, sting
  3. (by extension) to paint, mark, color

Descendants
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*pey%E1%B8%B1-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *peyḱ-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *peyḱ-</a>
  • *piḱ-ét ~ *piḱ-ónt (thematic root present)
    • Indo-Iranian: *piĉát
      • Indo-Aryan: *piśát
      • Iranian: *piĉát
        • Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬧𐬐𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬆𐬨𐬥𐬀‏‎ (aṇkupaēsəmna‏, “to adorn”, mid.), 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬞𐬌𐬑𐬱𐬙𐬀‎ (frapixšta, “painted”, ppp.)
        • Old Persian: [script needed] (*pišta)
          • Middle Persian: 𐫛𐫏𐫘𐫏𐫤‎ (pysyt, “colored”)
        • ⇒ Iranian: *nipiĉát
          • Parthian: 𐫗𐫁𐫏𐫢𐫤‎ (nbyšt, ppp.)
            • ⇒ Parthian: 𐫗𐫁𐫏𐫢𐫤𐫃‎ (nbyštg, “written”)
          • Old Persian: 𐎴𐎹𐎱𐎰𐎶 (n-i-y-p-i-θ-m /niyapaišam/, “to engrave, inscribe”, 1sg.)
            • Middle Persian:
              Pahlavi: [script needed] (npštk /nibištag/, “written”)
        • ⇒ Iranian: [Term?]
          • Parthian: [script needed] (ispist)
            • Persian: سبشت‎ (sebešt, “vulgar”)
  • *pi-né-ḱ-ti ~ *pi-n-ḱ-énti (nasal-infix present)[1]
    • Indo-Iranian: *pinášti (see there for further descendants)
    • Italic: [Term?]
      • Latin: pingō (“to paint, color”, with irregular -g-)
    • Tocharian: *pik-
      • Tocharian A: pikiñc (< pik- (“to write”))
      • Tocharian B: piṅkäṃ (< pik- (“to write”))
  • *péyḱ-ye-ti (ye-present)[2]
    • Balto-Slavic: *p(e)iś-
      • Lithuanian: piẽšti (“to draw”)
      • Old Prussian: peisāi (“to write”)
      • Slavic: *pьsа̀ti (“to write”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *piḱ-ró-s[3][4]
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
      • Slavic: *pь̀strъ (“variegated”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic: *pikrós
  • *piḱ-tó-s[5]
  • *póyḱ-os[6][7]
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
      • Lithuanian: paišaĩ, piẽšas (“freckle”)
    • Germanic: *faihaz (“motley, colored”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic: [Term?]
      • Ancient Greek: ποικίλος (poikílos, “colored”)
      • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀡𐀑𐀫𐀝𐀏 (po-ki-ro-nu-ka /poikil-ōnukʰa/)
    • Indo-Iranian: *páyĉas
      • Indo-Aryan: *páyśas
        • Sanskrit: पेश (péśa, “ornament, decoration”)
      • Iranian: *páyĉah
        • Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬀‎ (paēsa, “ornament, embellishment”)[8]
        • → Old Armenian: պէս (pēs, “like, as”)
Unsorted formations
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • (perhaps) Slavic: *pьsъ (“dog”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Indo-Iranian: *piĉángas
    • Indo-Aryan: *piśángas
    • Iranian: *piĉángah
      • → Old Armenian: պիսակ (pisak, “speckle, spot, mark; leprous”)

See also

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 465-466
  2. Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 354
  3. Derksen, Rick (2008), “431”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430
  4. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πικρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1190
  5. Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*paipages-291-292”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  6. Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 342
  7. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ποικίλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1216-1217
  8. Kanga, Kavasji Edalji (1900) A Complete Dictionary of the Avesta Language‎, Bombay: Education society's steam press, page 810

Root

*peyḱ- [1]

  1. hostile

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*pey%E1%B8%B1-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *peyḱ-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *peyḱ-</a>
  • *peyḱ-ye- (ye-present)
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: peĩkti (“to blame”)
  • *piḱ-tós[2]
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Latvian: pikts
      • Lithuanian: pìktas (“angry”)
  • *póyḱ-os
    • Celtic: *ɸoikos
      • Old Irish: oech (“enemy”)
    • Germanic: *faihaz (“hostile”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Indo-Iranian: *píĉunas
      • Indo-Aryan: *píśunas
        • Sanskrit: पिशुन (píśuna, “evil, treacherous”)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “faiha- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill
  2. Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
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