< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷóteros

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *kʷos (interrogative) +‎ *-teros (contrastive suffix).

Adjective

*kʷóteros (non-ablauting)

  1. which of two

Inflection
Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *kʷóteros *kʷótereh₂
genitive *kʷóterosyo *kʷótereh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *kʷóteros *kʷóteroh₁ *kʷóteroes
vocative *kʷótere *kʷóteroh₁ *kʷóteroes
accusative *kʷóterom *kʷóteroh₁ *kʷóteroms
genitive *kʷóterosyo *? *kʷóterooHom
ablative *kʷóteread *? *kʷóteromos
dative *kʷóteroey *? *kʷóteromos
locative *kʷóterey, *kʷóteroy *? *kʷóteroysu
instrumental *kʷóteroh₁ *? *kʷóterōys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *kʷótereh₂ *kʷótereh₂h₁(e) *kʷótereh₂es
vocative *kʷótereh₂ *kʷótereh₂h₁(e) *kʷótereh₂es
accusative *kʷóterām *kʷótereh₂h₁(e) *kʷótereh₂m̥s
genitive *kʷótereh₂s *? *kʷótereh₂oHom
ablative *kʷótereh₂s *? *kʷótereh₂mos
dative *kʷótereh₂ey *? *kʷótereh₂mos
locative *kʷótereh₂, *kʷótereh₂i *? *kʷótereh₂su
instrumental *kʷótereh₂h₁ *? *kʷótereh₂bʰi
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *kʷóterom *kʷóteroy(h₁) *kʷótereh₂
vocative *kʷóterom *kʷóteroy(h₁) *kʷótereh₂
accusative *kʷóterom *kʷóteroy(h₁) *kʷótereh₂
genitive *kʷóterosyo *? *kʷóterooHom
ablative *kʷóteread *? *kʷóteromos
dative *kʷóteroey *? *kʷóteromos
locative *kʷóterey, *kʷóteroy *? *kʷóteroysu
instrumental *kʷóteroh₁ *? *kʷóterōys

Descendants
  • Balto-Slavic: *kot(e)ros[1][2]
  • Germanic: *hwaþeraz[3][4] (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic: *kʷóteros[5]
    • Ancient Greek: πότερος (póteros)
      Ionic Greek: κότερος (kóteros)
  • Indo-Iranian: *kátaras
    • Indo-Aryan: *katarás
    • Iranian: *kátaras
      • Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬁𐬭𐬀‎ (katāra, “which of two”)
        Younger Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬯𐬗𐬌𐬝‎ (katārascit̰, “each of the two”) < *kʷoteros-kʷid
  • Italic: *kʷoteros[6]
    • Latin: uter
    • Sabellic: *poterospid < *kʷoteros-kʷid
      • Oscan: 𐌐𐌞𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌋𐌐𐌝𐌃 (púterelpíd, loc.sg.m.), 𐌐𐌞𐌕𐌞𐌓𐌞𐌔𐌐𐌝𐌃 (pútúrúspíd, nom.pl.m.), 𐌐𐌞𐌕𐌞𐌓𐌞𐌌𐌐𐌝𐌃 (pútúrúmpíd, “both”, gen.pl.m.)
      • Umbrian: 𐌐𐌖𐌕𐌓𐌄𐌔𐌐𐌄 (putrespe, “both”, gen.sg.?)

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*koterъ, *kotorъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 240
  2. Derksen, Rick (2015), “katras”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 232
  3. Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press, page 95
  4. Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “weer6”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
  5. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πότερος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1226
  6. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “uter”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 646-647
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