< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷetwóres

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

On PIE morpheme structure *kʷetwor- has too many consonants to be a true primitive morpheme, and the feminine stem might simply be proof of one elemental "four" in **kʷet- or **kʷetu-.

Numeral
cardinal number
4 Previous: *tréyes
Next: *pénkʷe

*kʷetwóres [1], combining form *kʷ(e)twr̥- (before cons.), *kʷ(e)tur- (before vow.), *kʷtru- (with metathesis)

  1. four

Inflection
Athematic, amphikinetic
masculine feminine
nominative *kʷetwóres *kʷétesres
genitive *kʷeturóHom *kʷetesróHom
masculine singular dual plural
nominative — — *kʷetwóres
vocative — — *kʷetwóres
accusative — — *kʷetwórm̥s
genitive — — *kʷeturóHom
ablative — — *kʷetwr̥mós
dative — — *kʷetwr̥mós
locative — — *kʷetwr̥sú
instrumental — — *kʷetwr̥bʰí
feminine singular dual plural
nominative — — *kʷétesres
vocative — — *kʷétesres
accusative — — *kʷétesrm̥s
genitive — — *kʷetesróHom
ablative — — *kʷetesr̥mós
dative — — *kʷetesr̥mós
locative — — *kʷetesr̥sú
instrumental — — *kʷetesr̥bʰí
neuter singular dual plural
nominative — — *kʷetwṓr
vocative — — *kʷetwṓr
accusative — — *kʷetwṓr
genitive — — *kʷeturóHom
ablative — — *kʷetwr̥mós
dative — — *kʷetwr̥mós
locative — — *kʷetwr̥sú
instrumental — — *kʷetwr̥bʰí

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Albanian: *kátur
  • Anatolian: *gʷetʷóres
    • Lycian: [script needed] (teteri)
  • Armenian: [Term?]
  • Armenian: *kʷtwr̥- (zero-derivation)
  • Balto-Slavic: *ketur-
  • Celtic: *kʷetwares (see there for further descendants)
  • Germanic: *fedwōr (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic: *kʷétwores (see there for further descendants)
  • Indo-Iranian: *čatwā́ras (see there for further descendants)
  • Italic: *kʷettwōr (see there for further descendants)
  • Lusitanian: petranioi
  • Phrygian: διθυρ- (ditʰur-), θιδρα- (tʰidra-)
  • Thracian: ketri-
  • Tocharian: *ś(ä)twer

References
  1. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  2. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “č‘or-k‘”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 547
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