< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷékʷlos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Reduplicated derivative of *kʷel- (“to turn”).[1]

Noun

*kʷékʷlos m (non-ablauting)

  1. wheel
  2. circle

Comment

This Proto-Indo-European word has been proposed as the source of Sumerian 𒄑𒇀 (ĜIŠGIGIR, “chariot”), Aramaic and Hebrew גַּלְגַּל‎ (galgal, “anything that rolls; wheel”) (but compare גָּלַל‎ (gālal, “to roll”)), and Proto-Kartvelian *grgar.[1] The similarly shaped undetermined 軲轆 (*guk luk)[2] is only attested in the last few centuries and may be the result of convergent onomatopoeic derivation. Instead, the undetermined 車 (*kla, “chariot” > “car”) may be a borrowing from a descendant form of this root from the spread of the chariot. See Chariot (China).

Inflection
Thematic
singular collective
nominative *kʷékʷlos *kʷekʷléh₂
genitive *kʷékʷlosyo *kʷekʷlósyo
singular dual plural collective
nominative *kʷékʷlos *kʷékʷloh₁ *kʷékʷloes *kʷekʷléh₂
vocative *kʷékʷle *kʷékʷloh₁ *kʷékʷloes *kʷekʷléh₂
accusative *kʷékʷlom *kʷékʷloh₁ *kʷékʷloms *kʷekʷléh₂
genitive *kʷékʷlosyo *? *kʷékʷlooHom *kʷekʷlósyo
ablative *kʷékʷlead *? *kʷékʷlomos *kʷekʷléad
dative *kʷékʷloey *? *kʷékʷlomos *kʷekʷlóey
locative *kʷékʷley, *kʷékʷloy *? *kʷékʷloysu *kʷekʷléy, *kʷekʷlóy
instrumental *kʷékʷloh₁ *? *kʷékʷlōys *kʷekʷlóh₁

Descendants
  • Anatolian:
    • (perhaps) Hittite: 𒃻𒆪𒄢𒆷 (NINDAKU.GUL.LA, “lard biscuit, donut”)
  • Balto-Slavic: *kaklas (< *kʷokʷlos)
    • Latgalian: koklys (“neck”)
    • Latvian: kakls (“neck”)
    • Lithuanian: kãklas (“neck”)
    • Old Prussian: kelan (“wheel”)
    • Slavic: *kȍlo (< *kʷolo-) (see there for further descendants)
    • → Finnic: *kakla (“neck”)
  • Germanic: *hwehwlą (< *kʷékʷlom) (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: κύκλος (kúklos, “cycle, wheel”) (< *kʷukʷlo-)
  • Indo-Iranian: *čakrám n (see there for further descendants)
  • Phrygian: κίκλην (kíklēn)
  • Tocharian: *kuk(ä)le (< *kʷukʷlo-)

References
  1. Mallory, James Patrick (1989) In Search of the Indo-Europeans, Thames and Hudson, →ISBN, p. 163
  2. John Farndon, The World's Greatest Idea, →ISBN, p. 95
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