< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁léngʰus

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₁lengʷʰ- + *-us.

Adjective

*h₁léngʰus [1]

  1. lightweight

Inflection

Older proterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, proterokinetic
masculine feminine
nominative *h₁léngʰus *h₁ln̥gʰéwih₂
genitive *h₁ln̥gʷʰéws *h₁ln̥gʰuyéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *h₁léngʰus *h₁léngʰuh₁(e) *h₁léngʰewes
vocative *h₁léngʰu *h₁léngʰuh₁(e) *h₁léngʰewes
accusative *h₁léngʰum *h₁léngʰuh₁(e) *h₁léngʰums
genitive *h₁ln̥gʷʰéws *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwoHom
ablative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéws *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰúmos
dative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwey *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰúmos
locative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéw, *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwi *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰúsu
instrumental *h₁ln̥gʷʰúh₁ *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰúbʰi
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *h₁ln̥gʰéwih₂ *h₁ln̥gʰéwih₂h₁(e) *h₁ln̥gʰéwih₂es
vocative *h₁ln̥gʰéwih₂ *h₁ln̥gʰéwih₂h₁(e) *h₁ln̥gʰéwih₂es
accusative *h₁ln̥gʰéwih₂m̥ *h₁ln̥gʰéwih₂h₁(e) *h₁ln̥gʰéwih₂m̥s
genitive *h₁ln̥gʰuyéh₂s *? *h₁ln̥gʰuyéh₂oHom
ablative *h₁ln̥gʰuyéh₂s *? *h₁ln̥gʰuyéh₂mos
dative *h₁ln̥gʰuyéh₂ey *? *h₁ln̥gʰuyéh₂mos
locative *h₁ln̥gʰuyéh₂, *h₁ln̥gʰuyéh₂i *? *h₁ln̥gʰuyéh₂su
instrumental *h₁ln̥gʰuyéh₂h₁ *? *h₁ln̥gʰuyéh₂bʰi
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *h₁léngʰu *h₁léngʰwih₁ *h₁léngʰuh₂
vocative *h₁léngʰu *h₁léngʰwih₁ *h₁léngʰuh₂
accusative *h₁léngʰu *h₁léngʰwih₁ *h₁léngʰuh₂
genitive *h₁ln̥gʷʰéws *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwoHom
ablative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéws *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰúmos
dative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwey *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰúmos
locative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéw, *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwi *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰúsu
instrumental *h₁ln̥gʷʰúh₁ *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰúbʰi

Later hysterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, hysterokinetic
masculine feminine
nominative *h₁ln̥gʷʰús *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwih₂
genitive *h₁ln̥gʷʰéws *h₁ln̥gʷʰuyéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *h₁ln̥gʷʰús *h₁ln̥gʷʰúh₁(e) *h₁ln̥gʷʰúes
vocative *h₁ln̥gʷʰú *h₁ln̥gʷʰúh₁(e) *h₁ln̥gʷʰúes
accusative *h₁ln̥gʷʰúm *h₁ln̥gʷʰúh₁(e) *h₁ln̥gʷʰúms
genitive *h₁ln̥gʷʰéws *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwoHom
ablative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéws *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwmos
dative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwey *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwmos
locative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéw, *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwi *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwsu
instrumental *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwh₁ *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwbʰi
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwih₂ *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwih₂h₁(e) *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwih₂es
vocative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwih₂ *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwih₂h₁(e) *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwih₂es
accusative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwih₂m̥ *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwih₂h₁(e) *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwih₂m̥s
genitive *h₁ln̥gʷʰuyéh₂s *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰuyéh₂oHom
ablative *h₁ln̥gʷʰuyéh₂s *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰuyéh₂mos
dative *h₁ln̥gʷʰuyéh₂ey *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰuyéh₂mos
locative *h₁ln̥gʷʰuyéh₂, *h₁ln̥gʷʰuyéh₂i *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰuyéh₂su
instrumental *h₁ln̥gʷʰuyéh₂h₁ *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰuyéh₂bʰi
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *h₁ln̥gʷʰú *h₁ln̥gʷʰúyh₁ *h₁ln̥gʷʰúh₂
vocative *h₁ln̥gʷʰú *h₁ln̥gʷʰúyh₁ *h₁ln̥gʷʰúh₂
accusative *h₁ln̥gʷʰú *h₁ln̥gʷʰúyh₁ *h₁ln̥gʷʰúh₂
genitive *h₁ln̥gʷʰéws *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwoHom
ablative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéws *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwmos
dative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwey *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwmos
locative *h₁ln̥gʷʰéw, *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwi *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwsu
instrumental *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwh₁ *? *h₁ln̥gʷʰéwbʰi

Descendants

  • Balto-Slavic: *lengus ~ *lingus
  • Celtic: *legus, *lagus
    • Brythonic: [Term?]
      • Welsh: llaw (small, low, sad) (< *lagu̯os)
      • Breton: law (miserable, bad)
  • Hellenic: *eləkʰús
  • Indo-Iranian: *Hragʰúš (see there for further descendants)
  • Italic: *leɣʷis (with possible contamination from *breɣʷis)
    • Latin: levis (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press
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