< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷih₃wós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”) +‎ *-wós.

Adjective

*gʷih₃wós (non-ablauting) [1]

  1. alive, living

Inflection
Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *gʷih₃wós *gʷih₃wéh₂
genitive *gʷih₃wósyo *gʷih₃wéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷih₃wós *gʷih₃wóh₁ *gʷih₃wóes
vocative *gʷih₃wé *gʷih₃wóh₁ *gʷih₃wóes
accusative *gʷih₃wóm *gʷih₃wóh₁ *gʷih₃wóms
genitive *gʷih₃wósyo *? *gʷih₃wóoHom
ablative *gʷih₃wéad *? *gʷih₃wómos
dative *gʷih₃wóey *? *gʷih₃wómos
locative *gʷih₃wéy, *gʷih₃wóy *? *gʷih₃wóysu
instrumental *gʷih₃wóh₁ *? *gʷih₃wṓys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *gʷih₃wéh₂ *gʷih₃wéh₂h₁(e) *gʷih₃wéh₂es
vocative *gʷih₃wéh₂ *gʷih₃wéh₂h₁(e) *gʷih₃wéh₂es
accusative *gʷih₃wā́m *gʷih₃wéh₂h₁(e) *gʷih₃wéh₂m̥s
genitive *gʷih₃wéh₂s *? *gʷih₃wéh₂oHom
ablative *gʷih₃wéh₂s *? *gʷih₃wéh₂mos
dative *gʷih₃wéh₂ey *? *gʷih₃wéh₂mos
locative *gʷih₃wéh₂, *gʷih₃wéh₂i *? *gʷih₃wéh₂su
instrumental *gʷih₃wéh₂h₁ *? *gʷih₃wéh₂bʰi
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *gʷih₃wóm *gʷih₃wóy(h₁) *gʷih₃wéh₂
vocative *gʷih₃wóm *gʷih₃wóy(h₁) *gʷih₃wéh₂
accusative *gʷih₃wóm *gʷih₃wóy(h₁) *gʷih₃wéh₂
genitive *gʷih₃wósyo *? *gʷih₃wóoHom
ablative *gʷih₃wéad *? *gʷih₃wómos
dative *gʷih₃wóey *? *gʷih₃wómos
locative *gʷih₃wéy, *gʷih₃wóy *? *gʷih₃wóysu
instrumental *gʷih₃wóh₁ *? *gʷih₃wṓys

Derived terms
  • *gʷíh₃weti
  • *gʷyeh₃-w-yom
  • *gʷih₃-wo-to-
    • Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwatas
      • Lithuanian: gyvatà
      • Old Prussian: giwato
      • Slavic: *životъ (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic: *gʷīwotos
    • Italic: *gʷītā
      • Latin: vīta
      • Oscan: 𐌁𐌉𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌌 (biitam, accusative singular)
  • *sēmi-gʷih₃-wó-s
    • Germanic: *sēmikwikwaz
      • Old English: sāmcwic
    • Hellenic: *hēmigʷīwos
      • Ancient Greek: ἡμίβιος (hēmíbios)
    • Italic: *sēmigʷīwos

Antonyms

Descendants
  • Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwás (see there for further descendants)
  • Celtic: *biwos (see there for further descendants)
  • Germanic: *kwiwaz, *kwikwaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Hellenic: *gʷīwos
  • Indo-Iranian: *ǰiHwás (see there for further descendants)
  • Italic: *gʷīwos
    • Latin: vīvus
    • Oscan: 𐌁𐌉𐌅𐌖𐌔 (bivus, masculine nominative plural)
    • (possibly) Venetic: [script needed] (vivoi, dative singular)
  • Tocharian:

References
  1. Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press
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