< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dóru

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Some argue that it is a deadjectival noun of *deru-, *drew- (“hard, firm, strong, solid”) with reflexes as Latin dūrus (“hard, rough”), Old English trum (“strong, firm”), Old Armenian տրամ (tram, “firm, solid”), and Ancient Greek δροόν (droón, “strong, mighty”).

Noun

*dóru n [1]

  1. tree

Inflection
Athematic, proterokinetic
singular
nominative *dóru
genitive *dréws
singular dual plural
nominative *dóru *dórwih₁ *dóruh₂
vocative *dóru *dórwih₁ *dóruh₂
accusative *dóru *dórwih₁ *dóruh₂
genitive *dréws *? *dréwoHom
ablative *dréws *? *drúmos
dative *dréwey *? *drúmos
locative *dréw, *dréwi *? *drúsu
instrumental *drúh₁ *? *drúbʰi

Descendants
  • Anatolian: *dōru-[2]
  • Hellenic: *dóru (see there for further descendants)
  • Indo-Iranian: *dā́ru (see there for further descendants)
  • Tocharian: *or[3]
    • Tocharian A: or (“wood”)
    • Tocharian B: or (“wood”, sg.), ārwa (“firewood”, pl.)

Derived terms
  • *dérw-i-s
    • Anatolian: [Term?]
      • Luwian: [script needed] (tarwi(iya)-, “wooden beam”)
    • Armenian: [Term?]
      • Old Armenian: տորգ (torg, “*wooden framework; weaving, fabric, net”)
        • Armenian: տորգ (torg, “wooden framework”)
    • Indo-Iranian: *dárwiš
  • *derw-ó-m[4][5]
    • Balto-Slavic: *dérwa[4] (see there for further descendants)
    • Celtic: *derwom (“firm; oak”)[5]
      • Brythonic: [Term?]
      • Old Irish: derb (< *derwā)
      • Gaulish: Dervo (toponym)
    • Germanic: *terwą (“tar”)[6]
  • *dréw-o-m[7]
    • Germanic: *trewą (“tree”)[7] (see there for further descendants)
      • (possibly) ⇒ Germanic: *trewwō[7] (see there for further descendants)
  • *dréwh₂-no-m
    • Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: տոռն (toṙn, “pestle”)
    • Indo-Iranian: *dráwnam
  • *drw(h₂)-ó-s (collective)[8][9]
    • Albanian: [Term?]
      • Albanian: dru (“wood, tree”)
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
    • Celtic: *daru (oblique case of *darwos)[9] (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic: [Term?]
      • Ancient Greek: δρῦς (drûs, “tree, oak”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *dru-kós[10]
    • (probably) Germanic: *trugaz (“trough”)
  • *dru-mos[11]
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
      • Slavic: [Term?]
        • East Slavic:
          • Russian: дром (drom)
        • South Slavic:
          • Bulgarian: дръ́мка (drǎ́mka)
          • Slovene: drmášča
    • Germanic: *trumaz
    • Hellenic: [Term?]
    • Indo-Iranian: [Term?]
  • *dru-k-tó-m[5]
    • Celtic: *druxtom[5]
      • Middle Irish: drochta (“tub, vessel”)
  • *dr̥w-eh₂ló-s
    • Anatolian: [Term?]
      • Luwian: [script needed] (taruu̯al-, “mortar”)
      • Hittite: [script needed] (taru̯āli-, “pestle(?)”)
      • → Old Armenian: տարգալ (targal)
  • *sm̥-dVru-[12]
    • Armenian: [Term?]
      • (possibly) Old Armenian: անտառ (antaṙ, “forest”)

References
  1. Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press
  2. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “tāru-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 849
  3. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
  4. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*drъvo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 122-123: “*deru-o-”
  5. Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “*derwo-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 3rd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 96: “*derw-o-”
  6. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*terwa/ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 514: “*der-uo/eh₂-”
  7. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*terwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 522: “*dréu-o-”
  8. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*drъvo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 122-123: “*dru(H)-o-”
  9. Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “*daru-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 3rd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 91: “*drw-os”
  10. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*truka-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 523: “*dru-kós”
  11. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*truma- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 524: “*dru-mo-”
  12. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “antaṙ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 95-96
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