< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰerǵʰ-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰergʰ-
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰerǵʰ- (perfective) [1][2][3]

  1. to rise
  2. high, lofty
  3. hill, mountain

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*b%CA%B0er%C7%B5%CA%B0-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *bʰerǵʰ-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *bʰerǵʰ-</a>
  • *bʰérǵʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)
    • Tocharian: *pärkatäre (“to rise, come up”)[4]
      • Tocharian A: pärkatäre
      • Tocharian B: pärkatäre
  • *bʰérǵʰ-t ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-ént (root aorist)[4][5]
    • Anatolian: [Term?]
      • Hittite: 𒈦𒀝𒋫𒊒 (pár-ak-ta-ru /parktaru/, 3sg.imp.med.)
    • Armenian:
    • Tocharian: [Term?]
      • Tocharian A: pärk
      • Tocharian B: parka
  • *bʰebʰórǵʰe ~ *bʰebʰr̥ǵʰḗr (perfect)
    • Indo-Iranian: *bʰabʰárĵʰa
      • Indo-Aryan: *babʰárźʰa
        • Sanskrit: बबृहाण (babṛhāṇá, “to be elevated”) (< *bʰebʰr̥ǵʰ-m̥h₁n-ós (med.part.))
  • *bʰr̥ǵʰ-yé-ti (yé-present)[5]
    • Anatolian: [Term?]
      • Hittite: 𒈦𒆠𒄿𒀀𒊍𒍣 (pár-ki-ya-az-zi /parkiyazi/, “to ascend”)
  • *bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti (causative)[6]
    • Celtic: *bargīti
      • Brythonic: [Term?]
      • Old Irish: dí·bairg
    • Indo-Iranian: *bʰarĵʰáyati
      • Indo-Aryan: *barźʰáyati
      • Iranian: *barĵáyati
        • Avestan: 𐬎𐬯𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬥𐬌‎ (usbarəzaiieni, caus.pres.subj.)
  • *bʰr̥-né-ǵʰ-ti ~ *bʰr̥-n-ǵʰ-énti (innovative nasal-present)
    • Armenian:
    • Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥nĵʰáti
      • Indo-Aryan: *bʰr̥nźʰáti
        • Sanskrit: बृंहति (bṛṃháti)
  • *bʰr̥ǵʰu-r-
  • *bʰérǵʰ-ont-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-n̥t-és[8] (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰérǵʰ-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-és (s-stem)[9][10]
    • Celtic: *brixs[10] (see there for further descendants)
    • Germanic: *burgz[9] (see there for further descendants)
    • Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥ĵʰás
      • Iranian: *br̥ĵáh
        • Avestan: 𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬆𐬨‎ (bərəzəm, acc.sg.), 𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬋‎ (bərəzō, gen.sg.)
  • *bʰr̥ǵʰ-éh₂[8]
    • Celtic: *brigā[11] (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰérǵʰ-mn̥ ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-mén-s[6]
    • Indo-Iranian: *bʰŕ̥ĵʰma
      • Indo-Aryan: *bŕ̥źʰma
      • Iranian: *bŕ̥ĵman
        • Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬄𐬨‎ (barəzimanąm, gen.pl.)
  • *bʰérǵʰ-ō ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-n-és
    • Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥ĵʰnás
      • Iranian: *br̥ĵnáh
        • Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬥𐬀‎ (barəšna, inst.m.sg.)
        • Old Persian: 𐎲𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎠 (b-r-š-n-a /baršnā/, inst.m.sg.)
          • Middle Persian:
            Manichaean: 𐫁𐫢𐫗‎ (bšn /bašn/)
            Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (bšn /bašn/)
  • *bʰérǵʰ-o-s[1][8]
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Slavic: *bergъ (unexplained *g, possibly borrowed from centum language)[12] (see there for further descendants)
    • Germanic: *bergaz[8] (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰérǵʰ-ti-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-téy-s
    • Italic: *forktis[13]
      • Old Latin: forctis
  • *bʰérǵʰ-tu ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-téw-s (?)
    • Celtic: *brixtu
  • *bʰérǵʰ-u-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-éws[5][1][8]
    • Anatolian: [Term?]
  • *bʰr̥ǵʰu-ró-s[14]
    • Tocharian: *pärkäre[14]
      • Tocharian A: pärkär
      • Tocharian B: pärkare

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “bhereg̑h-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 140-141
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰerg̑ʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 78-79
  3. Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*bʰerg̑ʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 30-34
  4. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “pärk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 399
  5. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “parkii̯e/a-ᶻⁱ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 736-737
  6. Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*barz”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 12-13
  7. Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “*barj-u”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 171
  8. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*burg-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 85
  9. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*burg-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 85
  10. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*brig-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 77
  11. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*brigo/ā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 77-78
  12. Derksen, Rick (2015), “*bȇrgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
  13. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “fortis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 236
  14. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “pärkäre*”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 399
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.