Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burgz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“high”). Cognate with Old Armenian բուրգն (burgn, “tower”), Proto-Celtic *brixs.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /burɣz/

Noun

*burgz f

fortification, stronghold
(fortified) city

Inflection

consonant stemDeclension of *burgz (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*burgz	*burgiz
vocative	*burg	*burgiz
accusative	*burgų	*burgunz
genitive	*burgiz	*burgǫ̂
dative	*burgi	*burgumaz
instrumental	*burgē	*burgumiz

Related terms

*bergaz

Descendants

Old English: burh, burg
- Middle English: burgh
  - Scots: burch, burgh
  - English: borough, -borough, bur-, burgh, bury (as in borough, manor), -bury
Old Frisian: burch, burich
- Saterland Frisian: Buurich
- West Frisian: boarg (in compounds)
Old Saxon: burg
- Middle Low German: borch
  - German Low German: Börg, Borg
Frankish: *burg
- Old Dutch: burg
  - Middle Dutch: borch, burch, borcht, burcht
    - Dutch: burcht, burg
      - Dutch: burg
- → Latin: burgus (see there for further descendants)
- → Old High German: burg (West Central)
  - Luxembourgish: Buerg
Old High German: burg
- Middle High German: burc
  - German: Burg
Old Norse: borg
- Danish: borg
- Elfdalian: borg
- Faroese: borg
- Icelandic: borg
- Norwegian: borg
- Old Swedish: borgh
  - Swedish: borg
- Old Gutnish: burg, borg
Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐍃 (baurgs)

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