Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰers-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰers- [1]

top, tip, point

Derived terms

Category Terms derived from the PIE root *bʰers- not found

*bʰérs-ti-s ~ *bʰr̥s-tí-s[2]
- Germanic: *burstiz (“bristle”) (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian: *bʰr̥štíš
  - Indo-Aryan: *bʰr̥ṣṭíṣ
    - Sanskrit: भृष्टि (bhṛṣṭí, “a point, top”)
  - Iranian: *br̥štíš
    - Avestan: 𐬬𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎-𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙-‎ (vouru-barəšt-, “northwest side of the earth”)
- Italic: *farstjagjom[2]
  - Latin: fastīgium (“sharp point”)
*bʰr̥s-ó-s[1][2]
- Celtic: *barros (“top, point”) (< earlier *barsos)[1][3]
  - Brythonic:
    - Old Breton: barr
      - Breton: barr
    - Cornish: bar
    - Middle Welsh: barr
      - Welsh: bar
  - Old Irish: barr
*bʰórs-o-s[4]
- Germanic: *barsaz (“pike, bass”) (see there for further descendants)
  - Germanic: *barskaz[3]
    - Old Saxon: *barsk
      - Middle Low German: barsch (“sharp, rough, stern”)
        → German: barsch
        
        → Danish: barsk
        
        → Norwegian:
        Norwegian Bokmål: barsk
        
        Norwegian Nynorsk: barsk
        
        → Swedish: barsk
- (possibly) Ancient Greek: *φαρσκος (*pharskos)[3]
  - Ancient Greek: φάσκος (pháskos, “tufts of moss”)
Unsorted formations:
- Germanic: *brazdaz, *bruzdaz (see there for further descendants)

References

Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*barro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 58: “*bʰers- 'point'”
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “fastīgō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 203: “*bʰr̥s-tí- 'top', point”
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “φάσκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 1557
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*barsa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 53: “*bʰors-o-”

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[Matasovic-1] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*barro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 58: “*bʰers- 'point'”

[DeVaan-2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “fastīgō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 203: “*bʰr̥s-tí- 'top', point”

[Beekes-3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “φάσκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 1557

[Kroonen-4] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*barsa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 53: “*bʰors-o-”