< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wardaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈwɑr.dɑz/

Etymology 1

From earlier *warþaz, *werþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”). Compare Latin versus.

Alternative forms
  • *werdaz

Adjective

*wardaz

  1. turned
  2. turned toward; facing
Inflection
Declension of *wardaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative *wardaz *wardai *wardō *wardôz *wardą, -atō *wardō
Accusative *wardanǭ *wardanz *wardǭ *wardōz *wardą, -atō *wardō
Genitive *wardas, -is *wardaizǫ̂ *wardaizōz *wardaizǫ̂ *wardas, -is *wardaizǫ̂
Dative *wardammai *wardaimaz *wardaizōi *wardaimaz *wardammai *wardaimaz
Instrumental *wardanō *wardaimiz *wardaizō *wardaimiz *wardanō *wardaimiz
Weak declension
Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative *wardô *wardaniz *wardǭ *wardōniz *wardô *wardōnō
Accusative *wardanų *wardanunz *wardōnų *wardōnunz *wardô *wardōnō
Genitive *wardiniz *wardanǫ̂ *wardōniz *wardōnǫ̂ *wardiniz *wardanǫ̂
Dative *wardini *wardammaz *wardōni *wardōmaz *wardini *wardammaz
Instrumental *wardinē *wardammiz *wardōnē *wardōmiz *wardinē *wardammiz


Descendants
  • Old English: -weard
    • ⇒ Old English: -weardes
      • Middle English: -wardes, -wardis, -wardus
  • Old Frisian: -ward, -werd
  • Old Saxon: -ward
    • Middle Low German: -ward; -wērdes
      • Low German: -ward, -wart
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: -wērdes
  • Old Dutch: *-ward, *-werd
    • Middle Dutch: -wert, -weert, -waert
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: -werts
  • Old High German: -wart, -wert
    • Middle High German: -wert
    • ⇒ Old High German: -wertes
      • Middle High German: -wertes
  • Old Norse: -varðr, -verðr
    • Old Swedish: -varþer
  • Gothic: -𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍃 (-wairþs)

Etymology 2

Noun

*wardaz m

  1. Alternative form of *warduz
Inflection
masculine a-stemDeclension of *wardaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *wardaz *wardōz, *wardōs
vocative *ward *wardōz, *wardōs
accusative *wardą *wardanz
genitive *wardas, *wardis *wardǫ̂
dative *wardai *wardamaz
instrumental *wardō *wardamiz
Descendants
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