< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werþaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *wértti, from *wert- (“to turn”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwer.θɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*werþaną
- (transitive) to become
- (intransitive) to come to be, to come into existence
- (intransitive) to happen, to come about
- (auxiliary) used to form the passive voice, together with a past participle
Inflection
Conjugation of *werþaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *werþō | *werþaų | — | *werþai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *wirþizi | *werþaiz | *werþ | *werþazai | *werþaizau |
| 3rd singular | *wirþidi | *werþai | *werþadau | *werþadai | *werþaidau |
| 1st dual | *werþōz | *werþaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *werþadiz | *werþaidiz | *werþadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *werþamaz | *werþaim | — | *werþandai | *werþaindau |
| 2nd plural | *wirþid | *werþaid | *wirþid | *werþandai | *werþaindau |
| 3rd plural | *werþandi | *werþain | *werþandau | *werþandai | *werþaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *warþ | *wurdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *warst | *wurdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *warþ | *wurdī | |||
| 1st dual | *wurdū | *wurdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *wurdudiz | *wurdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *wurdum | *wurdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *wurdud | *wurdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *wurdun | *wurdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *werþandz | *wurdanaz | |||
Derived terms
Related terms
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