Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tumþiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*tumþō

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *dḿ̥tis, equivalent to *temaną +‎ *-þiz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtum.θiz/

Noun

*tumþiz f

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *tumþiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*tumþiz	*tumþīz
vocative	*tumþi	*tumþīz
accusative	*tumþį	*tumþinz
genitive	*tumþīz	*tumþijǫ̂
dative	*tumþī	*tumþimaz
instrumental	*tumþī	*tumþimiz

Descendants

Old English: toft (possible borrowing from Old Norse)
- Middle English: toft
  - English: toft
Old Saxon: tumft; mistumft
Old Dutch: tunft; gitunft
Old High German: zumft
- Middle High German: zumft, zunft
  - German: Zunft
Proto-Norse: [script needed] (*tumftō) (< *tumþō)
- Old Norse: *tóft, tomt, topt, tupt, tuft
  - Danish: toft
  - Faroese: toft
  - Icelandic: topt, tuft
  - Norwegian: tomt, tuft
  - Old Swedish: topt, toft, tompt
    - Swedish: tomt
  - Scanian: tøvt
  - Westrobothnian: tomt

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill

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