< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skukkōną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
An unetymological iterative to *skakaną (“to shake”). Due to the frequency of iteratives appearing with zero-grade -u- and o-grade -a-, these vowels began to be used to create iteratives to roots where they were unwarranted.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskuk.kɔː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *skukk- against non-sinular *skug-.
Conjugation of *skukkōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *skukkō | *skukkǭ | — | *skukkōi | *? |
| 2nd singular | *skukkōsi | *skukkōs | *skukkō | *skukkōsai | *skukkōsau |
| 3rd singular | *skukkōþi | *skukkō | *skukkōþau | *skukkōþai | *skukkōþau |
| 1st dual | *skukkōs | *skukkōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *skukkōþiz | *skukkōþiz | *skukkōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *skukkōmaz | *skukkōm | — | *skukkōnþai | *skukkōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *skukkōþ | *skukkōþ | *skukkōþ | *skukkōnþai | *skukkōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *skukkōnþi | *skukkōn | *skukkōnþau | *skukkōnþai | *skukkōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *skukkōdǭ | *skukkōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *skukkōdēz | *skukkōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *skukkōdē | *skukkōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *skukkōdēdū | *skukkōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *skukkōdēdudiz | *skukkōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *skukkōdēdum | *skukkōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *skukkōdēdud | *skukkōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *skukkōdēdun | *skukkōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *skukkōndz | *skukkōdaz | |||
Related terms
Descendants
- Old English: *sċoccian
- Old Saxon: *skokkōn
- Middle Low German: scokken, schocken
- Old Dutch: *skokkon
- Old High German: *skohhōn
- Middle High German: schocken
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill
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