Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/liudiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰis (“people”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow (up)”). Doublet of *lūdiz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈliu̯.ðiz/

Noun

*liudiz m or f

(in the singular) man, person
(in the plural) men, people

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *liudiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*liudiz	*liudīz
vocative	*liudi	*liudīz
accusative	*liudį	*liudinz
genitive	*liudīz	*liudijǫ̂
dative	*liudī	*liudimaz
instrumental	*liudī	*liudimiz

Derived terms

*Liudibalþaz
- German: Leopold
  - → English: Leopold
*Liudiharjaz
- German: Luther
  - → English: Luther

Related terms

*laudaz
*leudaną

Descendants

Old English: lēod, lēode m
- Middle English: leod, leode, led, lede
  - English: leod, lede
  - Scots: lede, leid, luid
Old Frisian: liōd, liūde, liōde m
- East Frisian: ljode
  - Saterland Frisian: Ljuude
- West Frisian: lie, lju, ljuwe
Old Saxon: liud, liudi (m)
- Middle Low German: lüde, luede, luide
  - Low German: lüüd, lüüt
    - German Low German: Lühde pl, Lühd pl, Lüüde pl, Lüüd pl, Lüü pl
      - Westphalian
        Paderbornisch: Luie pl
Frankish: *liudi
- Old Dutch: liut
  - Middle Dutch: liede
    - Dutch: lieden
- → Medieval Latin: leodēs, leudēs
  - → French: leude
  - → English: leud
Old High German: liut (m, f, n), liuti
- Middle High German: liut
  - Alemannic German: Lüüte
  - Central Franconian: Löck, Lück
  - German: Leute pl
  - Luxembourgish: Leit
Old Norse: ljóðr, lýðr (m)
- Icelandic: lýður
- Faroese: -lýður (in borgarlýður, kirkjulýður, undirlýður), lýð- (in lýðveldi)
- Norwegian Nynorsk: lyd
- Old Swedish: lyþir (pl)
- Gutnish: löid
- Norn: lø
- Middle English: lith, lyth
  - Scots: lythe
  - English: lith
Gothic: *𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌸𐍃 (*liuþs), *𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*liudeis)
- → Latin: leodes (in the Lex Visigothorum), leudes (possibly)
  - → English: leud
  - → French: leude

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