Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harjaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Attested as runic harja (2nd century, Vimose). From Proto-Indo-European *kóryos (“war, troops”), from *ker-. Cognate with Old Irish cuire (“troop, host, company; muster”), Lithuanian kãras, kãrias (“war”), Ancient Greek κοίρανος (koíranos, “ruler, commander, military leader”), Old Persian 𐎼𐎢 (kāra, “people of war, army”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑr.jɑz/

Noun

*harjaz m

army
army leader; commander; warrior

Inflection

The vocative is attested as hari (450-350 BCE, Negau).

masculine a-stemDeclension of *harjaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*harjaz	harjōz, harjōs
vocative	*hari	harjōz, harjōs
accusative	*harją	*harjanz
genitive	harjas, haris	*harjǫ̂
dative	*harjai	*harjamaz
instrumental	*harjō	*harjamiz

Derived terms

Related terms

*harjanaz
*harjōną

Descendants

Old English: here
- Middle English: here, heere
  - Scots: here, heir, heyr
  - English: here
Old Frisian: here, hire
- Saterland Frisian: Heer
- West Frisian: hear
Old Saxon: heri
- Middle Low German: hēre, hēr
Old Dutch: heri (in placenames)
- Middle Dutch: here
  - Dutch: heer, heir
Old High German: heri
- Middle High German: here, her
  - German: Heer
Norse: ᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨ (harja) (nominative not attested)
- Old Norse: herr
  - Icelandic: her
  - Faroese: herur
  - Norwegian:
    - Bokmål: hær
    - Nynorsk: her, hær
  - Old Swedish: hær
    - Swedish: här
  - Danish: hær
  - Westrobothnian: her
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (harjis)
→ Proto-Finnic: *karja (possibly)
- Finnish: karja

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