Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fulką

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *fulkaz (“crowd, army”). May ultimately be from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-gós, from *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Compare Latin plebs (“common people”). Old Church Slavonic плъкъ (plŭkŭ, “army division”), Lithuanian pulkas (“crowd”) are both believed to be early borrowings from the Proto-Germanic word.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸul.kɑ̃/

Noun

*fulką n

people
race, nation

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *fulką (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*fulką	*fulkō
vocative	*fulką	*fulkō
accusative	*fulką	*fulkō
genitive	fulkas, fulkis	*fulkǫ̂
dative	*fulkai	*fulkamaz
instrumental	*fulkō	*fulkamiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Old English: folc
- Middle English: folk
  - English: folk
  - Scots: fowk, folk
Old Frisian: folk
- North Frisian:
  Föhr-Amrum: folk
- Saterland Frisian: Foulk
- West Frisian: folk
Old Saxon: folk, folc
- Middle Low German: volk
  - Low German:
    - German Low German:
      Hamburgisch: Volk
    - Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Folk
      Sauerländisch: Volk
      Westmünsterländisch: Volk
  - Plautdietsch: Volkj
Frankish: *folk, *fulk
- Old Dutch: folk
  - Middle Dutch: folc, volc
    - Dutch: volk
      - Afrikaans: volk
- → Latin: fulcus, fulcos
  - Old French: foulc
    - French: foule
  - Italian: folla
  - Galician: foula
Old High German: folk
- Middle High German: volk
  - German: Volk
  - Luxembourgish: Vollek
  - Vilamovian: fulk
  - Yiddish: פֿאָלק‎ (folk)
Old Norse: fólk, folk
- Icelandic: fólk
- Faroese: fólk
- Norn: folekar
- Norwegian: folk
- Old Swedish: folk, fulk
  - Swedish: folk
- Old Danish: folk
  - Danish: folk
- Westrobothnian: fahlk, fahlkj, fålk
- Jamtish: fołk
- Elfdalian: fuok
- Gutnish: fålk
- Scanian: fólk
→ Balto-Slavic: *pulkas
- Lithuanian: pulkas
- Slavic: *pъlkъ
  - Old Polish: pełk
    - Polish: pułk
      - → German: Pulk
  - Old East Slavic: пълъкъ (pŭlŭkŭ)
    - Russian: полк (polk)
  - Old Church Slavonic: плъкъ (plŭkŭ)

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