< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti, from *h₂erh₃-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɑr.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*arjaną [1]

  1. to plow

Inflection

The past is reduplicated; otherwise, based on the root’s shape, one would expect a class 6-type form **ōr-. The class 7 past is based on a single attested strong iarun ‘they plowed’ in Old High German; the past is weak or unattested in all other languages.

Conjugation of *arjaną (strong class 7 j-present)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *arjō*arjaų—*arjai*?
2nd singular *arisi*arjais*ari*arjasai*arjaisau
3rd singular *ariþi*arjai*arjaþau*arjaþai*arjaiþau
1st dual *arjōs*arjaiw———
2nd dual *arjaþiz*arjaiþiz*arjaþiz——
1st plural *arjamaz*arjaim—*arjanþai*arjainþau
2nd plural *ariþ*arjaiþ*ariþ*arjanþai*arjainþau
3rd plural *arjanþi*arjain*arjanþau*arjanþai*arjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *ear*earį̄
2nd singular *eart*earīz
3rd singular *ear*earī
1st dual *earū*earīw
2nd dual *earudiz*earīdiz
1st plural *earum*earīm
2nd plural *earud*earīd
3rd plural *earun*earīn
present past
participles *arjandz*aranaz

Descendants

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*arjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 34
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