Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erh₃-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂erh₃- [1]

to plough

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*h%E2%82%82erh%E2%82%83-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *h₂erh₃-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *h₂erh₃-</a>

*h₂ér-ye-ti (ye-present)[1]
*h₂érh₃-tro-m (“ard, plough”)
*h₂erh₃-wós (“arable”)
- Celtic: *arwī
  - Breton: erv
  - Cornish: erow
  - Welsh: erw
- Celtic: *arwor-
  - Old Irish: arbar
    - Irish: arbhar
    - Scottish Gaelic: arbhar
- Italic: *arwos
  - Latin: arvus
*h₂r̥h₃-wé-reh₂ (“fertile soil”)
- Hellenic: *ároura < *h₂r̥h₃-w-rh₂
  - Ancient Greek: ἄρουρα (ároura)
- Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH
  - Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥HwáraH
    - Sanskrit: उर्वरा (urvárā)
  - Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬁‎ (uruuarā)
Unsorted formations:
- (possibly) Indo-Iranian: *áryas (“Aryan”) (see there for further descendants)
- Old Armenian: հարաւունք (harawunkʿ) < *h₂erh₃-won-
- Old Armenian: արաւս (araws) (possibly)

References

Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press

Wikander, Ola (2008) Ett träd med vida grenar: de indoeuropeiska språkens historia (in Swedish), Stockholm: Prisma, →ISBN

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[Ringe_2006-1] Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press