-uma
Estonian
Etymology
Cognate with Finnish -ua.
Verb
-uma (da-infinitive -uda)
- Derives various verbs
Inflection
Inflection of -uma (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | -un | ei -u | 1st sing. | olen -unud | ei ole -unud pole -unud |
| 2nd sing. | -ud | 2nd sing. | oled -unud | ||
| 3rd sing. | -ub | 3rd sing. | on -unud | ||
| 1st plur. | -ume | 1st plur. | oleme -unud | ||
| 2nd plur. | -ute | 2nd plur. | olete -unud | ||
| 3rd plur. | -uvad | 3rd plur. | on -unud | ||
| passive | -utakse | ei -uta | passive | on -utud | ei ole -utud pole -utud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | -usin | ei -unud | 1st sing. | olin -unud | ei olnud -unud polnud -unud |
| 2nd sing. | -usid | 2nd sing. | olid -unud | ||
| 3rd sing. | -us | 3rd sing. | oli -unud | ||
| 1st plur. | -usime | 1st plur. | olime -unud | ||
| 2nd plur. | -usite | 2nd plur. | olite -unud | ||
| 3rd plur. | -usid | 3rd plur. | oli -unud | ||
| passive | -uti | ei -utud | passive | oli -utud | ei olnud -utud polnud -utud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | -uksin | ei -uks | 1st sing. | oleksin -unud | ei oleks -unud poleks -unud |
| 2nd sing. | -uksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid -unud | ||
| 3rd sing. | -uks | 3rd sing. | oleks -unud | ||
| 1st plur. | -uksime | 1st plur. | oleksime -unud | ||
| 2nd plur. | -uksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite -unud | ||
| 3rd plur. | -uksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid -unud | ||
| passive | -utaks | ei -utaks | passive | oleks -utud | ei oleks -utud poleks -utud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | -u | ära -u | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | -ugu | ärgu -ugu | 3rd sing. | olgu -unud | ärgu olgu -unud |
| 1st plur. | -ugem | ärgem -ugem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | -uge | ärge -uge | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | -ugu | ärgu -ugu | 3rd plur. | olgu -unud | ärgu olgu -unud |
| passive | -utagu | ärgu -utagu | passive | olgu -utud | ärgu olgu -utud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | -uvat | ei -uvat | active | olevat -unud | ei olevat -unud polevat -unud |
| passive | -utavat | ei -utavat | passive | olevat -utud | ei olevat -utud polevat -utud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | -uda | ||||||
| nominative | -uma | -utama | des-form | -udes | |||||
| inessive | -umas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | -umast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | -umaks | — | present | -uv | -utav | ||||
| abessive | -umata | — | past | -unud | -utud | ||||
Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Estonian_words_suffixed_with_-uma' title='Category:Estonian words suffixed with -uma'>Estonian words suffixed with -uma</a>
Finnish
Etymology
Either from -ua + -ma or extracted from such instances. Could also be a contraction of -utuma, from -utua + -ma.
Suffix
-uma (front vowel harmony variant -ymä)
- Variant of -ma; forms passive action/result nouns from verbs and sometimes nouns.
Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Finnish_words_suffixed_with_-uma' title='Category:Finnish words suffixed with -uma'>Finnish words suffixed with -uma</a>
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *-umô.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /umɑ/
Suffix
-uma
Derived terms
Category Old English words suffixed with -uma not found
Descendants
- English: -most (from -emest(a))
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